Metabolic Interaction Between Host and the Gut Microbiota During High-Fat Diet-Induced Colorectal Cancer

• Published in: The journal of microbiology Vol. 62; no. 3; pp. 153 - 165
• Main Authors: Lee, Chaeeun, Lee, Seungrin, Yoo, Woongjae
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Seoul The Microbiological Society of Korea 01.03.2024; Springer Nature B.V; 한국미생물학회
• Subjects: Anaerobic microorganisms; Animals; Bacteria - classification; Bacteria - genetics; Bacteria - isolation & purification; Bacteria - metabolism; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cancer; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal carcinoma; Colorectal Neoplasms - etiology; Colorectal Neoplasms - microbiology; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Digestive system; Digestive tract; Dysbacteriosis; Dysbiosis - microbiology; E coli; Epithelial cells; Epithelium; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High fat diet; Humans; Intestinal microflora; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism; Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology; Intestine; Life Sciences; Metabolism; Microbiology; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Obesity; Obesity - microbiology; Pathogenesis; Review; Risk factors; 생물학; Colorectal Cancer; Gut dysbiosis; High-fat diet-induced obesity; Host-microbe interaction; Colibactin
• ISSN: 1225-8873; 1976-3794; 1976-3794
• DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00123-2

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-highest cause of cancer-associated mortality among both men and women worldwide. One of the risk factors for CRC is obesity, which is correlated with a high-fat diet prevalent in Western dietary habits. The association between an obesogenic high-fat diet and CRC has been established for several decades; however, the mechanisms by which a high-fat diet increases the risk of CRC remain unclear. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota strongly influence the pathogenesis of both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. The gut microbiota is composed of hundreds of bacterial species, some of which are implicated in CRC. In particular, the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae, which is considered a microbial signature of intestinal microbiota functional imbalance (dysbiosis), is associated with both high-fat diet-induced obesity and CRC. Here, we review the interaction between the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) during high-fat diet-induced obesity. In addition, we will cover how a high-fat diet can drive the expansion of genotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by altering intestinal epithelial cell metabolism during gut inflammation conditions.