Ex vivo evaluation of radical sun protection factor in popular sunscreens with antioxidants

• Published in: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology Vol. 65; no. 3; pp. 525 - 530
• Main Authors: Wang, Steven Q., MD, Osterwalder, Uli, Jung, Katinka, PhD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.09.2011
• Subjects: Animals; antioxidant power; Antioxidants - analysis; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Dermatology; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Free Radicals - metabolism; In Vitro Techniques; Radiation Protection; radical sun protection factor; Skin - metabolism; Sunscreening Agents - chemistry; Sunscreening Agents - pharmacology; sunscreens; Sus scrofa; Ultraviolet Rays; UVA protection; UVA protection factor; ORAC; sunscreens; oxygen radical absorbance capacity; DPPH; RSF; ESR; PPD; antioxidative units; SPF; UVA protection factor; initial UVA protection factor; radical sun protection factor; AP; electron spin resonance; UVA-PFo; AU; UVA protection; ROS; reactive oxygen species; persistent pigment darkening; skin protection factor; antioxidant power; radical skin (protection) factor; diphenyl picryl hydrazil
• ISSN: 0190-9622; 1097-6787
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.07.009

Background UVA induces tissue damage via the production of radical oxygen species. Adding antioxidants to UV filters in sunscreens is a novel photoprotective strategy. The topical application of antioxidants in sunscreen can potentially neutralize the UVA-induced free radicals. Objectives We sought to assess the degree of free radical protection offered by sunscreens with antioxidants and attempted to differentiate the contribution of free radical protection from that of the UV filters. Method Twelve sunscreen products were purchased. The degree of UVA protection (UVA-PF) was measured via an in vitro assay according to a European guideline (Colipa). In addition, an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy-based assay was used to measure the radical skin protection factor (RSF) and antioxidant power (AP) of each product. Results The sun protection factor (SPF) values of the sunscreens ranged from 15 to 55, and the UVA-PF values ranged from 2.4 to 28.2. The RSF values ranged from 2.4 to 27.1. There is a high correlation between RSF and UVA-PF. The AP values for nearly all the products were 0, and two products (#4 and #9) had very low AP values of 16 and 12, respectively. Limitations The study only evaluated a small number of sunscreen products, and only ex vivo and in vitro methods were used to assess the products. Conclusions The idea of combining UV filters with antioxidants is appealing. Current sunscreen products on the market offer free radical protection, but the majority of the radical protection is from UV filters rather than antioxidants.