Oral Exposure to Titanium Dioxide E171 and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induces Multi-Organ Damage in Rats: Role of Ceramide

Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are common food additives for human consumption. We examined multi-organ toxicity of both compounds on Wistar rats orally exposed for 90 days. Rats were divided into three groups: (1) control (saline solution), (2) E171-expose...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 11; p. 5881
Main Authors Bautista-Pérez, Rocío, Cano-Martínez, Agustina, Herrera-Rodríguez, Manuel Alejandro, Ramos-Godinez, María del Pilar, Pérez Reyes, Olga Lidia, Chirino, Yolanda Irasema, Rodríguez Serrano, Zariá José, López-Marure, Rebeca
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2024
MDPI
Subjects
Aneurysms
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Biomarkers
Brain
ceramide
Coronary vessels
Edema
Food additives
Heart
Hemorrhage
Histology
Kidneys
Liver
Mitochondria
morphological changes
Morphology
Nanoparticles
organ injury
Oxidative stress
peroxynitrite
Titanium
Titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Zinc oxide
zinc oxide nanoparticles
Zinc oxides
Canada
Mexico
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Summary:Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are common food additives for human consumption. We examined multi-organ toxicity of both compounds on Wistar rats orally exposed for 90 days. Rats were divided into three groups: (1) control (saline solution), (2) E171-exposed, and (3) ZnO NPs-exposed. Histological examination was performed with hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ceramide (Cer), 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) were detected by immunofluorescence. Relevant histological changes were observed: disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitochondrial damage. Increased levels of Cer, NT, and LAMP-2 were observed in the liver, kidney, and brain of E171- and ZnO NPs-exposed rats, and in rat hearts exposed to ZnO NPs. E171 up-regulated Cer and NT levels in the aorta and heart, while ZnO NPs up-regulated them in the aorta. Both NPs increased LAMP-2 expression in the intestine. In conclusion, chronic oral exposure to metallic NPs causes multi-organ injury, reflecting how these food additives pose a threat to human health. Our results suggest how complex interplay between ROS, Cer, LAMP-2, and NT may modulate organ function during NP damage.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25115881