A New Predictor of U.S. Real Economic Activity: The S&P 500 Option Implied Risk Aversion

• Published in: Management science Vol. 65; no. 10; pp. 4927 - 4949
• Main Authors: Faccini, Renato, Konstantinidi, Eirini, Skiadopoulos, George, Sarantopoulou-Chiourea, Sylvia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Linthicum INFORMS 01.10.2019; Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
• Subjects: Economic activity; Economic conditions; Economic growth; Markets; option prices; prediction; Prices; production economy model; real economic activity; Risk; Risk aversion; Risk factors; Securities prices; Stock exchanges; Stock prices; United States > US; South Korea
• ISSN: 0025-1909; 1526-5501
• DOI: 10.1287/mnsc.2018.3049

We propose a new predictor of U.S. real economic activity (REA)—namely, the representative investor’s implied relative risk aversion (IRRA) extracted from S&P 500 option prices. IRRA is forward-looking and hence is expected to be related to future economic conditions. We document that U.S. IRRA predicts U.S. REA both in- and out-of-sample once we control for well-known REA predictors and take into account their persistence. An increase (decrease) in IRRA predicts a decrease (increase) in REA. We extend the empirical analysis by extracting IRRA from the South Korean, UK, Japanese, and German index option markets. We find that South Korea IRRA predicts the South Korea REA both in- and out-of-sample, as expected given the high liquidity of its index option market. We show that a parsimonious yet flexible production economy model calibrated to the U.S. economy can explain the documented negative relation between risk aversion and future economic growth. This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.