Effect of residual stress and phase constituents on corrosion-cavitation erosion behavior of 304 stainless steel by iso-material manufacturing of laser surface melting

• Published in: Journal of materials research and technology Vol. 26; pp. 6532 - 6551
• Main Authors: Cao, B.S., Wu, C.L., Wang, L., Zhang, S., Zhang, C.H., Sun, X.Y.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.09.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Cavitation erosion; Corrosion; Iso-material manufacturing; Phase constituent; Residual stress; Corrosion; Phase constituent; Cavitation erosion; Iso-material manufacturing; Residual stress
• ISSN: 2238-7854
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.027

Different from additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing, iso-material manufacturing (also named isovolumetric manufacturing) is applied to 304 stainless steel (304SS) by laser surface melting (LSM) at four energy density (51 J/mm2, 44 J/mm2, 39 J/mm2, 37 J/mm2), aiming at improving the resistance to corrosion and cavitation erosion without any addition of precious metals. The experimental results show that the microstructure presents the transformation from plane crystal → columnar crystal → equiaxed crystal from interface to top surface. All the samples exhibit austenite+martensite+Cr23C6, and the martensite content is increased from 9.3% to 40.8% with the energy density decreasing after iso-material manufacturing. In addition, low angle grain boundary is increased, and nano-mechanical properties also show an increasing trend. The decreasing of energy density also enhances the residual tensile stress of the melting layer. The sample obtained at energy density of 51 J/mm2 displays the highest corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, which can be attributed to its low galvanic corrosion degree and small residual tensile stress. The sample obtained at energy density of 39 J/mm2 exhibits the highest cavitation erosion resistance (Re) and its passivation film displays better self-repairing and re-passivation ability as indicated by synergistic cavitation erosion-corrosion behavior. The high cavitation erosion resistance can be attributed to the proper compromise of the constituent phases and higher self-repairing of the passivation film for the melting layer. Moreover, the 304 stainless steel prepared in this study exhibits a high or comparable corrosion and cavitation erosion resistance in comparison with the samples prepared by other fabrication method reported previously.