Organolithium‐Initiated Polymerization of Olefins in Deep Eutectic Solvents under Aerobic Conditions

• Published in: ChemSusChem Vol. 12; no. 13; pp. 3134 - 3143
• Main Authors: Sánchez‐Condado, Alba, Carriedo, Gabino A., Presa Soto, Alejandro, Rodríguez‐Álvarez, María J., García‐Álvarez, Joaquín, Hevia, Eva
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 05.07.2019
• Subjects: Alkenes; Anionic polymerization; Biocompatibility; Block copolymers; Choline; deep eutectic solvents; Eutectics; green chemistry; Inert atmospheres; Lithium; Moisture; Organic chemistry; organolithium compounds; Polymerization; polystyrene; Reagents; Solvents; Stability; Styrenes; deep eutectic solvents; green chemistry; polystyrene; anionic polymerization; organolithium compounds
• ISSN: 1864-5631; 1864-564X
• DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900533

Despite their ubiquitous presence in synthesis, the use of polar organolithium reagents under environmentally benign conditions constitutes one of the greatest challenges in sustainable chemistry. Their high reactivity imposes the use of severely restrictive protocols (e.g., moisture‐ and oxygen‐free, toxic organic solvents, inert atmospheres, low temperatures, etc.). Making inroads towards meeting this challenge, a new air‐ and moisture‐compatible organolithium‐mediated methodology for the anionic polymerization of different olefins (e.g., styrenes and vinylpyridines) was established by pioneering the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an eco‐friendly reaction medium in this type of transformation. Fine‐tuning of the conditions (sonication of the reaction mixture at 40 °C in the absence of protecting atmosphere) along with careful choice of components of the DES [choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol (Gly) in a 1:2 ratio] furnished the desired organic polymers (homopolymers and random copolymers) in excellent yields (up to 90 %) and low polydispersities (IPD 1.1–1.3). Remarkably, the in situ‐formed polystyril lithium intermediates exhibited a great resistance to hydrolysis in the eutectic mixture 1ChCl/2Gly (up to 1.5 h), hinting at an unexpected high stability of these otherwise highly reactive organolithium species in these unconventional reaction media. This unique stability can be exploited to create well defined block‐copolymers. Greener Polyolefins: A new air‐ and moisture‐compatible organolithium‐mediated methodology for the anionic polymerization of different olefins in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is presented. Following this procedure, homo‐, random‐, and block‐copolymers are prepared with high yields and narrow polydispersities.