UAV-Aided Wireless Energy Transfer for Sustaining Internet of Everything in 6G

• Published in: Drones (Basel) Vol. 7; no. 10; p. 628
• Main Authors: Che, Yueling, Zhao, Zeyu, Luo, Sheng, Wu, Kaishun, Duan, Lingjie, Leung, Victor C. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2023
• Subjects: 6G mobile communication; adaptive and cooperative WET; Batteries; Completion time; demand aware UAV trajectory; diversified energy/communication demands; Drone aircraft; Electric power production; Energy consumption; Energy harvesting; Energy management; Energy transfer; Free space optics; free space optics (FSO) powered UAV; Information transfer; Internet; Network latency; Telecommunication systems; Unmanned aerial vehicles; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); wireless energy transfer (WET); Wireless networks
• ISSN: 2504-446X; 2504-446X
• DOI: 10.3390/drones7100628

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a promising technology used to provide on-demand wireless energy transfer (WET) and sustain various low-power ground devices (GDs) for the Internet of Everything (IoE) in sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. However, an individual UAV has limited battery energy, which may confine the required wide-range mobility in a complex IoE scenario. Furthermore, the heterogeneous GDs in IoE applications have distinct non-linear energy harvesting (EH) properties and diversified energy and/or communication demands, which poses new requirements on the WET and trajectory design of UAVs. In this article, to reflect the non-linear EH properties of GDs, we propose the UAV’s effective-WET zone (E-zone) above each GD, where a GD is assured to harvest non-zero energy from the UAV only when the UAV transmits into the E-zone. We then introduce the free space optics (FSO) powered UAV with enhanced mobility, and propose its adaptive WET for the GDs with non-linear EH. Considering the time urgency of the different energy demands of the GDs, we propose a new metric called the energy latency time, which is the time duration that a GD can wait before becoming fully charged. By proposing the energy-demand aware UAV trajectory, we further present a novel hierarchical WET scheme to meet the GDs’ diversified energy latency time. Moreover, to efficiently sustain IoE communications, the multi-UAV enabled WET is employed by unleashing their cooperative diversity gain and the joint design with the wireless information transfer (WIT). The numerical results show that our proposed multi-UAV cooperative WET scheme under the energy-aware trajectory design achieves the shortest task completion time as compared to the state-of-the-art benchmarks. Finally, the new directions for future research are also provided.