Carcinogenicity of chromium and chemoprevention: a brief update

Chromium has two main valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and trivalent chromium (Cr[III]). Cr(VI), a well-established human carcinogen, can enter cells by way of a sulfate/phosphate anion-transport system, and then be reduced to lower-valence intermediates consisting of pentavalent chromiu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inOncoTargets and therapy Vol. 10; pp. 4065 - 4079
Main Authors Wang, Yafei, Su, Hong, Gu, Yuanliang, Song, Xin, Zhao, Jinshun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New Zealand Taylor & Francis Ltd 01.01.2017
Dove Medical Press
Subjects
Antioxidants
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
Cell membranes
Chromium
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA damage
Epidemiology
Genotoxicity
Intermediates
Laboratories
Metabolism
Mutation
Oxidative stress
Proteins
Review
Selenium
Steel production
Toxicity
China
genotoxicity
antioxidant
Cr(VI)
chemoprevention
hexavalent chromium
Cr(III)
trivalent chromium
carcinogenicity
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Chromium has two main valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and trivalent chromium (Cr[III]). Cr(VI), a well-established human carcinogen, can enter cells by way of a sulfate/phosphate anion-transport system, and then be reduced to lower-valence intermediates consisting of pentavalent chromium (Cr[V]), tetravalent chromium (Cr[IV]) or Cr(III) via cellular reductants. These intermediates may directly or indirectly result in DNA damage or DNA-protein cross-links. Although Cr(III) complexes cannot pass easily through cell membranes, they have the ability to accumulate around cells to induce cell-surface morphological alteration and result in cell-membrane lipid injuries via disruption of cellular functions and integrity, and finally to cause DNA damage. In recent years, more research, including in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies, has been conducted to evaluate the genotoxicity/carcinogenicity induced by Cr(VI) and/or Cr(III) compounds. At the same time, various therapeutic agents, especially antioxidants, have been explored through in vitro and in vivo studies for preventing chromium-induced genotoxicity/carcinogenesis. This review aims to provide a brief update on the carcinogenicity of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) and chemoprevention with different antioxidants.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
These authors contributed equally to this work
ISSN:1178-6930
1178-6930
DOI:10.2147/OTT.S139262