Pb-induced changes in roots of two cultivated rice cultivars grown in lead-contaminated soil mediated by smoke

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 24; no. 26; pp. 21298 - 21310
• Main Authors: Akhtar, Nazneen, Khan, Sehresh, Malook, Ijaz, Rehman, Shafiq Ur, Jamil, Muhammad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Aquatic Pollution; Ascorbic acid; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Catalase; Cultivars; Dilution; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental Restoration and Remediation - methods; Environmental science; Glycine; Glycine betaine; Grain cultivation; Hydrogen peroxide; L-Ascorbate peroxidase; Lead; Lead - analysis; Lead - toxicity; Low level; Malfunctions; Metabolites; Models, Theoretical; Oryza; Oryza - drug effects; Oryza - growth & development; Peroxidase; Physiology; Plant Roots - drug effects; Plant Roots - growth & development; Plants; Plants (botany); Proline; Research Article; Roots; Seeds; Smoke; Smoke - analysis; Soil - chemistry; Soil conditions; Soil contamination; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Soil Pollutants - toxicity; Soil pollution; Soils; Stress concentration; Sugar; Superoxide dismutase; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Lead; Remediation; Heavy metals; Smoke priming; Rice
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9777-8

Nowadays, public concerns regarding deleterious effect of lead (Pb) is on rise due to its abundance and toxic effect on plants and other living organisms. In plants, it has no noticeable biological importance but can cause various morphological, physiological, and biochemical malfunctions. To evaluate the remediating potential of plant-derived smoke ( Cymbopogon jwarancusa ), a pot culture experiment was designed to investigate the physiological, biochemical, metabolic, and antioxidant parameters of roots in lead (0 (control), 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm)-contaminated soil. Under dark condition, seeds were primed in smoke solution with two dilutions (1:500 and 1:1000) for 24 h. With an increasing concentration of Pb stress, fresh and dry weight and total nitrogen and protein contents decreased significantly while an increase was observed in smoke-treated seed. With increasing Pb stress level, metabolites (i.e., proline, total soluble sugar, total soluble protein, glycine betaine), and antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, malonyldialdehyde, and H 2 O 2 ), contents of roots were increased in non-treated (without smoke treatment) samples, whereas comparatively, a low level of alteration in aforementioned metabolites and antioxidative parameters was observed in the seeds treated with smoke solution. These results suggest a positive role of smoke in alleviating lead-induced changes in roots of two cultivated cultivars of rice grown in Pb-contaminated soil.