Sabin Vaccine in Poliomyelitis Eradication: Achievements and Risks

Poliomyelitis eradication using the oral polio vaccine (OPV), also known as the Sabin vaccine, has been a major medical achievement led by the World Health Organization (WHO) and various countries. The OPV has been administered over 10 billion times to three billion children and has prevented over 1...

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Published inJournal of pure & applied microbiology : an international research journal of microbiology Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 413 - 418
Main Authors Nafi, Omar A, Ramadan, Bashar
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oriental Scientific Publishing Company 01.03.2019
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
Subjects
Genetic engineering
Genetically modified organisms
oral polio vaccine (opv)
Paralysis
Poliomyelitis
Sabin, Albert B
vaccine-associated polio paralysis (vapp)
vaccine-derived poliovirus (vdpv)
Vaccines
wild polio virus
Nigeria
Pakistan
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Summary:Poliomyelitis eradication using the oral polio vaccine (OPV), also known as the Sabin vaccine, has been a major medical achievement led by the World Health Organization (WHO) and various countries. The OPV has been administered over 10 billion times to three billion children and has prevented over 13 million polio cases. With the more recent appearance of OPV-related complications, especially the vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) and vaccine-associated polio paralysis, it is important to reconsider the role of this vaccine in polio eradication. Since 2014, the number of VDPV cases has exceeded the number of wild polio virus cases. Given that OPV is the only source of VDPV, an established phased plan to withdraw OPV from use and switch to an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was determined. Therefore, countries that still use the OPV in their national immunization programs need to develop adequate plans for supplying IPV in an effective and affordable manner. IPV provides protection against polio, but is insufficient for protection against poliovirus circulation when administered alone. Genetically engineered stabilized, live vaccines are being developed and guarantee the profit of Sabin OPV without the risk. Keywords: Oral polio vaccine (OPV), wild polio virus, vaccine-associated polio paralysis (VAPP), vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV).
ISSN:0973-7510
2581-690X
DOI:10.22207/JPAM.13.1.45