Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic and Protein-Containing Biomass: A Comprehensive Review

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical depolymerization technology, also known as hydrous pyrolysis, that transforms wet biomass into biocrude and valuable chemicals at a moderate temperature (usually 200–400 °C) and high pressure (typically 10–25 MPa). In HTL, water acts as a key react...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCatalysts Vol. 12; no. 12; p. 1621
Main Authors Jatoi, Abdul Sattar, Shah, Ayaz Ali, Ahmed, Jawad, Rehman, Shamimur, Sultan, Syed Hasseb, Shah, Abdul Karim, Raza, Aamir, Mubarak, Nabisab Mujawar, Hashmi, Zubair, Usto, Muhammad Azam, Murtaza, Muhammad
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2022
Subjects
Acids
biocrude
Biomass
Carbon
Catalysts
Cellulose
Chemical reactions
Critical point
Decomposition
Depolymerization
Free radicals
Glucose
HTL
Lignin
Lignocellulose
lignocellulosic biomass
Liquefaction
Oxidation
protein-containing biomass
Proteins
Pyrolysis
Reaction mechanisms
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Summary:Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermochemical depolymerization technology, also known as hydrous pyrolysis, that transforms wet biomass into biocrude and valuable chemicals at a moderate temperature (usually 200–400 °C) and high pressure (typically 10–25 MPa). In HTL, water acts as a key reactant in HTL activities. Several properties of water are substantially altered as the reaction state gets closer to the critical point of water, which can result in quick, uniform, and effective reactions. The current review covers the HTL of various feedstocks, especially lignocellulosic and high protein-containing feeds with their in-depth information of the chemical reaction mechanisms involved in the HTL. Further, this review gives insight and knowledge about the influencing factors such as biomass pretreatment, process mode, process conditions, etc., which could affect the efficiency of the hydrothermal process and biocrude productivity. In addition, the latest trends, and emerging challenges to HTL are discussed with suitable recommendations.
ISSN:2073-4344
2073-4344
DOI:10.3390/catal12121621