Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Microglia and Mental Disorders

Microglia derive from mononuclear myeloid progenitors and are a major glial complement of the central nervous system. When microglia are activated they secrete inflammatory cytokines and toxic mediators which amplify the inflammatory response. In addition, the microglia inflammatory products are imp...

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Published inInternational journal of immunopathology and pharmacology Vol. 27; no. 2; pp. 163 - 167
Main Authors Kritas, S.K., Saggini, A., Cerulli, G., Caraffa, A., Antinolfi, P., Pantalone, A., Rosati, M., Tei, M., Speziali, A., Saggini, R., Conti, P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publications 01.04.2014
Subjects
Animals
Brain - immunology
Brain - metabolism
Brain - physiopathology
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone - metabolism
Humans
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation Mediators - metabolism
Mental Disorders - immunology
Mental Disorders - metabolism
Mental Disorders - physiopathology
Mental Disorders - psychology
Microglia - immunology
Microglia - metabolism
Signal Transduction
immune system
cytokines
brain disorders
inflammation
microglia
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Summary:Microglia derive from mononuclear myeloid progenitors and are a major glial complement of the central nervous system. When microglia are activated they secrete inflammatory cytokines and toxic mediators which amplify the inflammatory response. In addition, the microglia inflammatory products are implicated in the neuronal destruction usually observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia cells express corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) receptors, and activation of microglia by CRH releases bioactive molecules which have a biological effect in the brain and regulate several neurological diseases. CRH plays a pivotal role in stress responses and is a key mediator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system. CRH is expressed in human mast cells, leading to autocrine effects and participates in inflammatory response together with neuropeptides, and stimulates mast cells. IL-33-activated mast cells release vascular endothelial growth factor in response to CRH and act synergistically to increase vascular permeability. CRH also up-regulates IL-18 expression by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen in microglia cells. Here we report the relationship between CRH, microglia and mental disorders.
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ISSN:0394-6320
2058-7384
DOI:10.1177/039463201402700203