Optimizing equivalent testing for scaled projectile penetration into multilayer concrete targets with fuse overload via layer-by-layer chasing-catching methodology

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 28780 - 17
• Main Authors: Tang, Tong, Shi, Huifa, Li, Feiyi, Ma, Shaojie, Zhang, Xinping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 06.08.2025; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/166/986; 639/166/988; Catching methods; Equivalence experiment; Experiments; Humanities and Social Sciences; Linear equations; multidisciplinary; Multilayer concrete target; Optimal method; Optimization; Overloading; Penetration; Prototypes; Scaled projectile; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Velocity; Optimal method; Penetration; Overloading; Equivalence experiment; Multilayer concrete target; Scaled projectile
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-14845-9

Existing public optimization methods for determining the equivalent experimental conditions of scaled projectiles penetrating multilayer concrete targets face issues where the peak overload of the fuse for scaled projectiles is lower than for prototype projectiles, or although the overload peak of the former is higher than that of the latter, the accuracy is not high (some results showing errors as high as 580%). Based on the chasing-catching method for solving tridiagonal linear equations, this work proposes the layer-by-layer chasing-catching method for optimizing the equivalent experimental conditions of scaled projectiles penetrating multilayer targets. This approach is based on the impact velocity and residual velocity of a scaled projectile, and the peak overload and pulse width of the fuse when scaled projectiles penetrate a single-layer target. The method was applied to select equivalent experimental conditions for targets with 2–4 layers when penetrated by a scaled projectile. This method ensured that the peak overloads subjected by fuses for scaled projectiles were 1-1.3 times of those for prototype projectiles, and the pulse widths of the former exceeded those of the latter. Compared with existing optimization methods for equivalent experimental conditions for the penetration of multi-layered targets by scaled projectiles, this layer-by-layer chasing-catching method provided accurate and reliable solutions.