Characteristics associated with Woolly Apple Aphid Eriosoma lanigerum, resistance of three apple rootstocks

• Published in: Entomologia experimentalis et applicata Vol. 109; no. 1; pp. 63 - 72
• Main Authors: Sandanayaka, W.R.M., Bus, V.G.M., Connolly, P., Newcomb, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Science Ltd 01.10.2003; Blackwell
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Aphididae; apple rootstocks; Biological and medical sciences; Elecrical Penetration Graph; Eriosoma lanigerum; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; Homoptera; Pest animals; Pest resistance; phenology; phloem feeding; resistant genes; Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims; New Zealand; Oceania; Eriosoma lanigerum; Aphidoidea; Insecta; Pemphigidae; Rosaceae; Malus domestica; Rootstock; apple rootstocks; Elecrical Penetration Graph; resistant genes; Phloem; phloem feeding; Homoptera; Gene; Animal plant relation; Phenology; Arthropoda; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Aphididae; Pest resistance; Spermatophyta; Fruit tree; Invertebrata
• ISSN: 0013-8703; 1570-7458
• DOI: 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2003.00095.x

The resistance characteristics of the apple resistance genes (Er1, Er2, and Er3) to the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann) (Homoptera: Aphididae) were studied according to the performance measured on apple cultivars containing these resistance genes. The resistance characteristics of Northern Spy (Er1), Robusta 5 (Er2), and Aotea (Er3) were compared to the susceptible cultivar Royal Gala, by measuring the aphid settlement, development, and survival rates correlated with electronically monitored probing behaviour. Er1 and Er2 had a higher level of resistance with a significantly shorter period of phloem feeding, suggesting that the resistance factors were present in the phloem tissue. Phenological measurements indicated that the aphids showed poor settlement, development, and survival on Er2. Er1 also showed low settlement and survival, although not as low as Er2. Aphid performance and feeding on Aotea (Er3) were similar to Royal Gala, suggesting that some woolly apple aphids in New Zealand may have recently overcome Er3 resistance. The differences in resistance mechanisms of Er1, Er2, and Er3 are discussed in relation to the strategy of pyramiding these genes to give a durable resistance to woolly apple aphid.