Influence of climatic ageing on the mechanical properties and the microstructure of low-density polyethylene films

• Published in: Journal of applied polymer science Vol. 110; no. 4; pp. 2516 - 2524
• Main Authors: Chabira, S. F., Sebaa, M., G'sell, C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 15.11.2008; Wiley
• Subjects: 13C NMR; Ageing; Applied sciences; climatic ageing; Exact sciences and technology; FTIR; low-density polyethylene; mechanical properties; Physical properties; Polymer industry, paints, wood; Properties and testing; Technology of polymers; Algeria; Africa; climatic ageing; low-density polyethylene; Elastic modulus; Film; Mechanical properties; Tensile property; Crystallinity; Experimental study; 13C NMR; Oxidation resistance; Low density ethylene polymer; FTIR; Oxidative degradation; Reaction mechanism; Weathering; Olefin polymer; Chemical properties; Exposure time
• ISSN: 0021-8995; 1097-4628
• DOI: 10.1002/app.28823

Blown extruded films of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) have been subjected to climatic ageing in a sub‐Saharan facility at Laghouat (Algeria) with direct exposure to sun. Samples were characterized by complementary techniques after prescribed amounts of time up to 8 months. It was shown by tensile testing that the mechanical properties are quite sensitive to ageing: (i) the elastic modulus increases and saturates, (ii) the tensile stress increases slightly, and (iii) the rupture energy decreases dramatically after 4 months weathering. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) were performed to identify the evolution of the polymer microstructure. The FTIR spectra reveal the initial presence of vinylidene groups that exhaust rapidly after 4 months ageing. Also, it detects the progressive multiplication of vinyl groups and oxidation products of many kinds. The NMR technique revealed specifically the carbon–carbon configurations in the polymer chains. By contrast to the original film that contained almost exclusively butyl chain branches, the aged specimens presented shorter ramifications, namely ethyl branches. Also, the presence of quaternary atoms was detected after long ageing times. The discussion of these complementary results in the light of current literature makes possible to identify the leading mechanisms that control the decay of LDPE film properties. Although these mechanisms are numerous and complex, they can be schematically summarized within three main classes: oxidation, scission, and crosslinking. Each class is discussed in details. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008