Tuberculosis challenges: Resistance, co-infection, diagnosis, and treatment

Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), followed by effective treatment, is the cornerstone of global TB control efforts. An estimated 3 million cases of TB remain undetected each year. Early detection and effective management of TB can prevent severe disease and reduce mortality and transmission. Int...

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Published inEuropean journal of microbiology & immunology Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 1 - 17
Main Authors Heidary, Mohsen, Shirani, Maryam, Moradi, Melika, Goudarzi, Mehdi, Pouriran, Ramin, Rezaeian, Tayebe, Khoshnood, Saeed
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hungary Akademiai Kiado 01.03.2022
Akadémiai Kiadó
Subjects
Analysis
Development and progression
Disease transmission
Drug resistance in microorganisms
Iran
Medical policy
Mortality
Public health
Tetracycline
Tetracyclines
Tuberculosis
Iran
treatment
diagnosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
coinfection
resistance
tuberculosis
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Summary:Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), followed by effective treatment, is the cornerstone of global TB control efforts. An estimated 3 million cases of TB remain undetected each year. Early detection and effective management of TB can prevent severe disease and reduce mortality and transmission. Intrinsic and acquired drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) severely restricted the anti-TB therapeutic options, and public health policies are required to preserve the new medications to treat TB. In addition, TB and HIV frequently accelerate the progression of each other, and one disease can enhance the other effect. Overall, TB-HIV co-infections show an adverse bidirectional interaction. For HIV-infected patients, the risk of developing TB disease is approximately 22 times higher than for persons with a protective immune response. Analysis of the current TB challenges is critical to meet the goals of the end TB strategy and can go a long way in eradicating the disease. It provides opportunities for global TB control and demonstrates the efforts required to accelerate eliminating TB. This review will discuss the main challenges of the TB era, including resistance, co-infection, diagnosis, and treatment.
Bibliography:The ORCID has been updated upon author's request.
ISSN:2062-509X
2062-8633
DOI:10.1556/1886.2021.00021