A low‐glycemic diet lifestyle intervention improves fat utilization during exercise in older obese humans

Objective: To determine the influence of dietary glycemic index on exercise training‐induced adaptations in substrate oxidation in obesity. Design and Methods: Twenty older, obese individuals undertook 3 months of fully supervised aerobic exercise and were randomized to low‐ (LoGIX) or high‐glycemic...

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Published inObesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Vol. 21; no. 11; pp. 2272 - 2278
Main Authors Solomon, Thomas P. J., Haus, Jacob M., Cook, Marc A., Flask, Chris A., Kirwan, John P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2013
Subjects
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Aged
Aging - metabolism
Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
Exercise
Exercise - physiology
Exercise Therapy
Female
Glycemic Index
Humans
Insulin
Life Style
Lipid Metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - therapy
Rodents
Weight control
Weight Reduction Programs
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Summary:Objective: To determine the influence of dietary glycemic index on exercise training‐induced adaptations in substrate oxidation in obesity. Design and Methods: Twenty older, obese individuals undertook 3 months of fully supervised aerobic exercise and were randomized to low‐ (LoGIX) or high‐glycemic (HiGIX) diets. Changes in indirect calorimetry (VO2; VCO2) were assessed at rest, during a hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp, and during submaximal exercise (walking: 65% VO2max, 200 kcal energy expenditure). Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) was measured by 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results: Weight loss (−8.6 ± 1.1%) and improvements (P < 0.05) in VO2max, glycemic control, fasting lipemia, and metabolic flexibility were similar for both LoGIX and HiGIX groups. During submaximal exercise, energy expenditure was higher following the intervention (P < 0.01) in both groups. Respiratory exchange ratio during exercise was unchanged in the LoGIX group but increased in the HiGIX group (P < 0.05). However, fat oxidation during exercise expressed in relation to changes in body weight was increased in the LoGIX group (+10.6 ± 3.6%; P < 0.05). Fasting IMCL was unchanged, however, extramyocellular lipid was reduced (P < 0.05) after LoGIX. Conclusions: A LoGIX/exercise weight‐loss intervention increased fat utilization during exercise independent of changes in energy expenditure. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of low‐glycemic foods for reversing metabolic defects in obesity.
Bibliography:Funding Agencies
This research was supported by NIH grant RO1 AG12834 (JPK), and was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, CTSA 1UL1RR024989, Cleveland, OH. JMH was supported by National Institutes of Health grant T32 HL00787.
TPJS, JMH, CAF, and JPK designed the research; TPJS, JMH, MAC, CAF, and JPK conducted the research; TPJS, JMH, CAF, and JPK analyzed the data; TPJS, JMH, and JPK discussed the data; TPJS and JMH wrote the paper; and JPK had primary responsibility for the final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. TPJS and JMH contributed equally to this work.
Author Contributions
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Current address for TPJS: Thomas Solomon, Ph.D., Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Section 7641 Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 København Ø Denmark : thomas.solomon@inflammation-metabolism.dk
TPJS and JMH contributed equally to this work
ISSN:1930-7381
1930-739X
DOI:10.1002/oby.20411