Deficits in olfactory system neurogenesis in neurodevelopmental disorders

• Published in: Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) Vol. 62; no. 2; pp. e23590 - n/a
• Main Authors: Sweat, Sean C., Cheetham, Claire E. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.04.2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Animal models; Animals; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Autism; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Cell differentiation; Disorders; Down's syndrome; Fragile X syndrome; Fragile X Syndrome - genetics; Humans; Hyperactivity; Intellectual disabilities; Mammals; Mice; Nervous system; Neurodevelopmental disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorders - genetics; Neurogenesis; Neurogenesis - physiology; Neurons; Olfactory system; Rett syndrome; Stem cells; Synapses; neurogenesis; olfactory system; neurodevelopmental disorders
• ISSN: 1526-954X; 1526-968X; 1526-968X
• DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23590

Summary The role of neurogenesis in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) merits much attention. The complex process by which stem cells produce daughter cells that in turn differentiate into neurons, migrate various distances, and form synaptic connections that are then refined by neuronal activity or experience is integral to the development of the nervous system. Given the continued postnatal neurogenesis that occurs in the mammalian olfactory system, it provides an ideal model for understanding how disruptions in distinct stages of neurogenesis contribute to the pathophysiology of various NDDs. This review summarizes and discusses what is currently known about the disruption of neurogenesis within the olfactory system as it pertains to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and Rett syndrome. Studies included in this review used either human subjects, mouse models, or Drosophila models, and lay a compelling foundation for continued investigation of NDDs by utilizing the olfactory system.