Design and Analysis of Collision Reduction Algorithms for LED-Based Indoor Positioning With Simulation and Experimental Validation

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 6; pp. 10754 - 10770
• Main Authors: Popoola, Olaoluwa R., Sinanovic, Sinan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.01.2018; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Collision reduction; Collisions; Error analysis; indoor; IP networks; Light emitting diodes; localization; microcontroller; Optical receivers; Optical refraction; Optical transmitters; Optical variables control; overlap; positioning; unsynchronized; wearable
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2801626

In this paper, we develop a low complexity indoor positioning system (IPS) and design a lightweight, low-cost, and wearable receiver for it. The accuracy of proximity-based LED IPS has been improved using overlap between LED beams but LED packets in the overlap region are subject to collisions. In this paper, we design collision handling algorithms for the IPS that considers building and lighting infrastructures. Mathematical analyses of the proposed algorithms are done and models for the probability of collisions are developed. The models, which are verified using simulations, are used to calculate the time required for position update called positioning time. Analysis of the positioning time is done for single and multiple receivers systems and validated with experimental measurements. Results show positioning error as low as 56 cm with a positioning time of about 300 ms for slotted unsynchronized systems and 500 ms for unslotted unsynchronized systems which makes the developed system pragmatic and appropriate for human positioning.