Acute and chronic toxicities of prothioconazole and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio in Daphnia magna

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 29; no. 36; pp. 54467 - 54475
• Main Authors: Xuehua, An, Xinju, Lui, Jinhua, Jiang, Feidi, Wang, Lu, Lv, Gang, Li, Shenggan, Wu, Xueping, Zhao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.08.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Antifungal agents; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Chronic toxicity; Daphnia magna; dose response; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental risk; Environmental science; Fungicides; Metabolites; reproduction; Research Article; Toxicity; Toxicity testing; Toxicology; triazoles; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Prothioconazole; Chronic toxicity; Prothioconazole-desthio; Acute toxicity; Daphnia magna
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17863-y

Current research on prothioconazole (PTC), a broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, mainly focuses on its efficacy and residues; only a few studies have been assessing its toxicological effects. Using acute and chronic toxicity tests, we assessed the effects of PTC and its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio (PTCd) on the inhibition of the activity, growth, and reproduction of Daphnia magna . A dose–response relationship was established to determine sensitive biological indicators. In the acute and chronic toxicity tests, the 48-h EC 50 (concentration for 50% of the maximal effect) of PTC and PTCd for D. magna were 2.82 and 5.19 mg/L and 0.0807 and 0.132 mg/L, respectively; in the latter test, PTC was 1.64 times more toxic than PTCd. Acute-to-chronic toxicity ratios were calculated using chronic toxicity data; the ratios were 227 and 27.5 for PTC and PTCd, respectively. Our results indicate that both PTC and PTCd affect the growth and reproduction of D. magna and that the toxicity of PTC is greater than that of PTCd. In conclusion, the metabolites of PTD are toxic to D. magna at certain concentrations, and their environmental risks should not be neglected.