Engineered exosomes: A new promise for the management of musculoskeletal diseases

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects Vol. 1862; no. 9; pp. 1893 - 1901
• Main Authors: Bellavia, D., Raimondi, L., Costa, V., De Luca, A., Carina, V., Maglio, M., Fini, M., Alessandro, R., Giavaresi, G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.09.2018
• Subjects: Drug delivery; Engineered exosomes; Immune system regulation; Musculoskeletal diseases; Oncology; Regenerative medicine; lncRNAs; OBs; hMSCs; Runx-2; miRNAs; Regenerative medicine; Oncology; 6-OHDA; CNS; MHC; Drug delivery; EGFR; LPS; siRNAs; GSK-3β; BRD7; Lamp; OCs; Engineered exosomes; Musculoskeletal diseases; hBMMSCs; CML; ESCRT; 3′UTR; VEGF; EMT; ECM; CXCL12; LATS2; APC; mDCs; ROS; MVB; Immune system regulation; hESCs; SOX; HUVECs; DC
• ISSN: 0304-4165; 1872-8006
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.003

Exosomes are nanovesicles actively secreted by potentially all cell types, including tumour cells, with the primary role of extracellular systemic communication mediators, both at autocrine and paracrine levels, at short and long distances. Recently, different studies have used exosomes as a delivery system for a plethora of different molecules, such as drugs, microRNAs and proteins. This has been made possible thanks to the simplicity in exosomes engineering, their great stability and versatility for applications in oncology as well as in regenerative medicine. The aim of this review is to provide information on the state-of-the-art and possible applications of engineered exosomes, both for cargo and specific cell-targeting, in different pathologies related to the musculoskeletal system. The use of exosomes as therapeutic agents is rapidly evolving, different studies explore drug delivery with exosomes using different molecules, showing an enormous potential in various research fields such as oncology and regenerative medicine. However, despite the significant progress made by the different studies carried out, currently, the use of exosomes is not a therapeutic reality for the considerable difficulties to overcome. •State-of-the-art of engineered exosomes in different musculoskeletal pathologies.•Exosome applications in regenerative medicine for muscular-skeletal pathologies•Possible applications of engineered exosomes as drug delivery in bone tumours.•Exosome applications in musculoskeletal diseases related to immune system.