Analysis of an Optimal Fault Attack on the LED-64 Lightweight Cryptosystem

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 7; p. 1
• Main Authors: Dong, Liang, Zhang, Hongxin, Zhu, Lei, Sun, Shaofei, Gan, Han, Zhang, Fan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.01.2019; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: algebraic differential attack; Ciphers; Encryption; Impossible differential fault attack; Laser theory; LED; Light emitting diodes; Mathematical model; redundant faults; Wireless sensor networks
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2901753

This paper presents an optimal method for recovering the secret keys of LED (Light Encryption Device) by combining the impossible differential fault attack (IDFA) with the algebraic differential fault attack (ADFA). The proposed optimal method effectively improves the performance of fault attacks. A fault attack model, named redundant random nibble fault model (RRNFM), is proposed to simulate a multiple fault injection in a real-world environment. Using the optimal method and the RRNFM, the 64-bit secret key of LED can be recovered by injecting no more than 6 faults in 1300 experiments. We establish an equation of inverse proportionality between the number of faults injected and the remaining amount of the secret key. Using the equation, the number of fault injection can be accurately predicted, providing an effective way of evaluating fault attacks.