Toxicity mechanisms of arsenic compounds in aquatic organisms

• Published in: Aquatic toxicology Vol. 237; p. 105901
• Main Authors: Byeon, Eunjin, Kang, Hye-Min, Yoon, Cheolho, Lee, Jae-Seong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.08.2021
• Subjects: aquatic organism; Arsenic; arsenic speciation; biotransformation; toxicity; toxicity; aquatic organism; biotransformation; Arsenic; arsenic speciation
• ISSN: 0166-445X; 1879-1514
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105901

•Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that is widely distributed in the environment.•Arsenic toxicity is highly diverse and complex depending on its chemical form.•As toxicity is mainly associated with oxidative stress mechanisms.•AQP, HXT, phosphate channels, and ABC are involved in As influx/efflux systems.•Freshwater and marine organisms have As-specific biotransformation systems. Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that is widely distributed in the environment due to its persistence and accumulative properties. The occurrence, distribution, and biological effects of arsenic in aquatic environments have been extensively studied. Acute and chronic toxicities to arsenic are associated with fatal effects at the individual and molecular levels. The toxicity of arsenic in aquatic organisms depends on its speciation and concentration. In aquatic environments, inorganic arsenic is the dominant form. While trivalent arsenicals have greater toxicity compared with pentavalent arsenicals, inorganic arsenic can assume a variety of forms through biotransformation in aquatic organisms. Biotransformation mechanisms and speciation of arsenic have been studied, but few reports have addressed the relationships among speciation, toxicity, and bioavailability in biological systems. This paper reviews the modes of action of arsenic along with its toxic effects and distribution in an attempt to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of arsenic toxicity in aquatic organisms.