Energy-Aware Radio Resource Management in D2D-Enabled Multi-Tier HetNets

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 6; pp. 16610 - 16622
• Main Authors: Naqvi, Syed Ahsan Raza, Pervaiz, Haris, Hassan, Syed Ali, Musavian, Leila, Ni, Qiang, Imran, Muhammad Ali, Ge, Xiaohu, Tafazolli, Rahim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.01.2018; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Adaptive control; Algorithms; Copper; Device-to-device (D2D) communication; Device-to-device communication; energy efficiency; Energy management; fifth generation (5G) network; heterogeneous network; millimeter wave; Millimeter waves; multi objective optimization and radio resource management; Optimization; Power control; Quality of service; Radio equipment; Resource allocation; Resource management; Wireless communication
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2817189

Hybrid networks consisting of both millimeter wave (mmWave) and microwave <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\mu W) </tex-math></inline-formula> capabilities are strongly contested for next-generation cellular communications. A similar avenue of current research is device-to-device (D2D) communications, where users establish direct links with each other rather than using central base stations. However, a hybrid network, where D2D transmissions coexist, requires special attention in terms of efficient resource allocation. This paper investigates dynamic resource sharing between network entities in a downlink transmission scheme to maximize energy efficiency (EE) of the cellular users (CUs) served by either <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\mu W) </tex-math></inline-formula> macrocells or mmWave small cells while maintaining a minimum quality-of-service (QoS) for the D2D users. To address this problem, first, a self-adaptive power control mechanism for the D2D pairs is formulated, subject to an interference threshold for the CUs while satisfying their minimum QoS level. Subsequently, an EE optimization problem, which is aimed at maximizing the EE for both CUs and D2D pairs, has been solved. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, which studies the inherent tradeoffs between system EE, system sum rate, and outage probability for various QoS levels and varying densities of D2D pairs and CUs.