PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DWARF COCONUT PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological acclimation responses of young plants of the dwarf coconut cultivar Jiqui Green‘ associated with tolerance to conditions of multiple abiotic stresses (drought and soil salinity), acting either independently or in combination....

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Published inCaatinga Vol. 30; no. 2; pp. 447 - 457
Main Authors SILVA, ALEXANDRE REUBER ALMEIDA DA, BEZERRA, FRANCISCO MARCUS LIMA, LACERDA, CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE, SOUSA, CARLOS HENRIQUE CARVALHO DE, BEZERRA, MARLOS ALVES
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Portuguese
Published Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido 01.06.2017
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Summary:ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological acclimation responses of young plants of the dwarf coconut cultivar Jiqui Green‘ associated with tolerance to conditions of multiple abiotic stresses (drought and soil salinity), acting either independently or in combination. The study was conducted under controlled conditions and evaluated the following parameters: leaf gas exchange, quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and relative contents of total chlorophyll (SPAD index). The experiment was conducted under a randomized block experimental design, in a split plot arrangement. In the plots, plants were exposed to different levels of water stress, by imposing potential crop evapotranspiration replacement levels equivalent to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%, whereas in subplots, plants were exposed to different levels of soil salinity (1.72, 6.25, 25.80, and 40.70 dS m-1). Physiological mechanisms were effectively limited when water deficit and salinity acted separately and/or together. Compared with soil salinity, water stress was more effective in reducing the measured physiological parameters. The magnitudes of the responses of plants to water supply and salinity depended on the intensity of stress and evaluation period. The physiological acclimation responses of plants were mainly related to stomatal regulation. The coconut tree has a number of physiological adjustment mechanisms that give the species partial tolerance to drought stress and/or salt, thereby enabling it to revegetate salinated areas, provided that its water requirements are at least partially met. Resumo Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, caracterizar as repostas fisiológicas aclimatativas de plantas jovens de coqueiro Anão, cultivar ―Verde do Jiqui‖, associadas com a sua tolerância às condições de múltiplos estresses abióticos (deficiência hídrica e salinidade do solo), atuando isolados e/ou combinados. O estudo foi realizado sob condições controladas e avaliaram-se: as trocas gasosas foliares, o rendimento quântico da fluorescência da clorofila a e os teores relativos de clorofila total (índice Spad). O experimento foi conduzido sob delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados, no arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas por diferentes níveis de deficiência hídrica, mediante a imposição de cinco distintos percentuais de reposição das perdas de água por evapotranspiração potencial da cultura (100; 80; 60; 40 e 20%) e as subparcelas constituídas pelos crescentes níveis de salinidade do solo (1,72; 6,25; 25,80 e 40,70 dS m-1). Os mecanismos fisiológicos são efetivamente limitados quando a deficiência hídrica e a salinidade atuam isoladamente e/ou em conjunto. Os efeitos do estresse hídrico se mostram mais efetivos nos comprometimentos dos parâmetros fisiológicos, em detrimento à salinidade do solo. As magnitudes das respostas das plantas ao suprimento hídrico e à salinidade dependem das intensidades dos estresses e das épocas de avaliação. As respostas fisiológicas aclimatativas das plantas estão relacionadas, principalmente, à regulação estomática. O coqueiro apresenta uma série de mecanismos de ajustes fisiológicos que conferem à espécie uma parcial tolerância ao estresse hídrico e/ou salino, tornando-a capaz de revegetar áreas salinizadas, desde que as necessidades hídricas sejam ao menos parcialmente atendidas.
ISSN:1983-2125
0100-316X
1983-2125
DOI:10.1590/1983-21252017v30n220rc