Managing sample introduction problems in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

• Published in: Journal of Chromatography A Vol. 1700; p. 464006
• Main Authors: Taylor, Mark R., Kawakami, Jane, McCalley, David V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 05.07.2023
• Subjects: Acetonitriles - chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; HILIC; HPLC; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Indicators and Reagents; Sample injection; Solvents - chemistry; Water - chemistry; Sample injection; HILIC; HPLC
• ISSN: 0021-9673; 1873-3778
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464006

•Injection solvent/ mobile phase mismatch causes peak shape problems in HILIC.•Small volume injections give best results under mismatch conditions.•Automatic pre-column dilution with weak solvent is a simple remedy.•Mass overload may be confused with solvent mismatch for ionised analytes.•Acetone or isopropyl alcohol are useful alternatives to ACN as injection solvent. Sample injection can cause serious problems in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) when the injection solvent has higher elution strength than the mobile phase (mp). It can lead to asymmetric peak shapes and poor efficiency. The problem can occur when the mp contains a high proportion of organic e.g. 95% acetonitrile (a weak solvent) whereas the injection solvent contains a higher proportion of water (a strong solvent) that is necessary to dissolve polar samples. We investigated different strategies to overcome this problem. A simple method is pre-column dilution where the injector is programmed to deliver a plug of weak solvent (e.g. pure acetonitrile) along with the sample dissolved in a solvent with higher water content than the mp. Another option is to use alternative organic solvents to acetonitrile in the injection solvent, e.g. isopropanol, acetone or tetrahydrofuran, that may give enhanced sample solubility. The role of the volume of injection solvents was investigated as well as the possible effects of mass overload on the results. The use of small sample volumes is always recommended to reduce mismatch effects.