The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the coxsackie virus [hand foot and mouth disease] in India

Outbreaks of HFMD in children aged <5 years have been reported worldwide and the major causative agents are Coxsackievirus (CV) A16, enterovirus (EV)-A71 and recently CVA6. In India, HFMD is a disease that is not commonly reported. The purpose of the study was to identify the enterovirus type(s)...

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Published inInfection, genetics and evolution Vol. 111; p. 105432
Main Authors Chavan, Nutan A., Lavania, Mallika, Shinde, Pooja, Sahay, Rima, Joshi, Madhuri, Yadav, Pragya D., Tikute, Sanjaykumar, Waghchaure, Rishabh, Ashok, M., Gupta, Anjli, Mittal, Mahima, Khan, Vikram, Fomda, Bashir A., Ahmad, Muneer, Tiwari, Ved Pratap, Pote, Pralhad, Dhongade, Ashish Ramchandra, Mohanty, Aroop, Mohan, Kriti, Kumar, Manish, Bhardwaj, Anchala
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.07.2023
Subjects
Child
China - epidemiology
COVID-19 - epidemiology
Coxsackievirus A-16
Coxsackievirus A-6
Disease Outbreaks
Enterovirus
Enterovirus - genetics
Enterovirus Infections - epidemiology
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease - epidemiology
HFMD
Humans
India
India - epidemiology
Pandemics
Tomato flu
China
India
Tomato flu
Coxsackievirus A-16
Enterovirus
Coxsackievirus A-6
HFMD
India
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Summary:Outbreaks of HFMD in children aged <5 years have been reported worldwide and the major causative agents are Coxsackievirus (CV) A16, enterovirus (EV)-A71 and recently CVA6. In India, HFMD is a disease that is not commonly reported. The purpose of the study was to identify the enterovirus type(s) associated with large outbreak of Hand, foot, and mouth disease during COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. Four hundred and twenty five clinical samples from 196-suspected cases were collected from different parts of the country. This finding indicated the emergence of CVA6 in HFMD along with CVA16, soon after the gradual easing of non-pharmaceutical interventions during-pandemic COVID-19 and the relevance of continued surveillance of circulating enterovirus types in the post-COVID pandemic era. •In May 2022, there was an outbreak-affecting children named Tomato Flu in Kerala.•This disease was rapidly spreading among young children and adults, much like the typical HFMD.•Emergence of CVA-6 along with CVA-16 observed during this outbreak
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ISSN:1567-1348
1567-7257
DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105432