Evaluating water quality and ecotoxicology assessment techniques using data from a lead and zinc effected upland limestone catchment
Point and diffuse sources associated with historical metal ore mining are major causes of metal pollution. The understanding of metal behaviour and fate has been improved by the integration of water chemistry, metal availability and toxicity. Efforts have been devoted to the development of efficient...
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Published in | Water research (Oxford) Vol. 128; pp. 49 - 60 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
Elsevier Ltd
01.01.2018
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Abstract | Point and diffuse sources associated with historical metal ore mining are major causes of metal pollution. The understanding of metal behaviour and fate has been improved by the integration of water chemistry, metal availability and toxicity. Efforts have been devoted to the development of efficient methods of assessing and managing the risk posed by metals to aquatic life and meeting national water quality standards. This study focuses on the evaluation of current water quality and ecotoxicology techniques for the metal assessment of an upland limestone catchment located within a historical metal (lead ore) mining area in northern England. Within this catchment, metal toxicity occurs at circumneutral pH (6.2–7.5). Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) based on a simple single concentration approach like hardness based EQS (EQS-H) are more overprotective, and from sixteen sites monitored in this study more than twelve sites (>75%) failed the EQSs for Zn and Pb. By increasing the complexity of assessment tools (e.g. bioavailability-based (EQS-B) and WHAM-FTOX), less conservative limits were provided, decreasing the number of sites with predicted ecological risk to seven (44%). Thus, this research supports the use of bioavailability-based approaches and their applicability for future metal risk assessments.
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•In carboniferous catchments, Zn and Pb toxic effects occur at circumneutral pH.•Metal assessment with EQS-H tools is more conservative than EQS-B and WHAM-FTOX.•Bioavailability-based tools support remediation to reach good ecological status. |
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AbstractList | Point and diffuse sources associated with historical metal ore mining are major causes of metal pollution. The understanding of metal behaviour and fate has been improved by the integration of water chemistry, metal availability and toxicity. Efforts have been devoted to the development of efficient methods of assessing and managing the risk posed by metals to aquatic life and meeting national water quality standards. This study focuses on the evaluation of current water quality and ecotoxicology techniques for the metal assessment of an upland limestone catchment located within a historical metal (lead ore) mining area in northern England. Within this catchment, metal toxicity occurs at circumneutral pH (6.2–7.5). Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) based on a simple single concentration approach like hardness based EQS (EQS-H) are more overprotective, and from sixteen sites monitored in this study more than twelve sites (>75%) failed the EQSs for Zn and Pb. By increasing the complexity of assessment tools (e.g. bioavailability-based (EQS-B) and WHAM-FTOX), less conservative limits were provided, decreasing the number of sites with predicted ecological risk to seven (44%). Thus, this research supports the use of bioavailability-based approaches and their applicability for future metal risk assessments.
[Display omitted]
•In carboniferous catchments, Zn and Pb toxic effects occur at circumneutral pH.•Metal assessment with EQS-H tools is more conservative than EQS-B and WHAM-FTOX.•Bioavailability-based tools support remediation to reach good ecological status. Point and diffuse sources associated with historical metal ore mining are major causes of metal pollution. The understanding of metal behaviour and fate has been improved by the integration of water chemistry, metal availability and toxicity. Efforts have been devoted to the development of efficient methods of assessing and managing the risk posed by metals to aquatic life and meeting national water quality standards. This study focuses on the evaluation of current water quality and ecotoxicology techniques for the metal assessment of an upland limestone catchment located within a historical metal (lead ore) mining area in northern England. Within this catchment, metal toxicity occurs at circumneutral pH (6.2-7.5). Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) based on a simple single concentration approach like hardness based EQS (EQS-H) are more overprotective, and from sixteen sites monitored in this study more than twelve sites (>75%) failed the EQSs for Zn and Pb. By increasing the complexity of assessment tools (e.g. bioavailability-based (EQS-B) and WHAM-F ), less conservative limits were provided, decreasing the number of sites with predicted ecological risk to seven (44%). Thus, this research supports the use of bioavailability-based approaches and their applicability for future metal risk assessments. |
Author | Slack, Rebecca Stockdale, Anthony Mortimer, Robert John George Valencia-Avellan, Magaly |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Magaly surname: Valencia-Avellan fullname: Valencia-Avellan, Magaly email: magyvalencia80@gmail.com organization: Water@leeds, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Rebecca surname: Slack fullname: Slack, Rebecca organization: The Royal Horticultural Society, Harlow Carr, Crag Lane, Beckwithshaw, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, HG3 1QB, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Anthony orcidid: 0000-0002-1603-0103 surname: Stockdale fullname: Stockdale, Anthony organization: School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JZ, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Robert John George surname: Mortimer fullname: Mortimer, Robert John George organization: School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK |
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Keywords | Limestone catchment Water quality standards Bioavailability Metal assessment Ecotoxicology River water |
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Snippet | Point and diffuse sources associated with historical metal ore mining are major causes of metal pollution. The understanding of metal behaviour and fate has... |
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SubjectTerms | Bioavailability Calcium Carbonate - analysis Calcium Carbonate - chemistry Ecotoxicology England Environmental Monitoring - methods Lead - analysis Lead - chemistry Limestone catchment Metal assessment Mining Risk Assessment River water Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Quality Water quality standards Zinc - analysis Zinc - chemistry |
Title | Evaluating water quality and ecotoxicology assessment techniques using data from a lead and zinc effected upland limestone catchment |
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