Remote Measurement of Short-Term Heart Rate With Narrow Beam Millimeter Wave Radar

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 9; pp. 165049 - 165058
• Main Authors: Lv, Wenjie, Zhao, Yan, Zhang, Wei, Liu, Wenqi, Hu, Anyong, Miao, Jungang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 2021; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Clutter; Continuous radiation; Doppler radar; Electrocardiography; Heart beat; Heart rate; Intermediate frequencies; Millimeter wave radar; Millimeter waves; Monitoring; Narrow beam millimeter wave radar; Radar; Radar antennas; Radar equipment; Radar measurements; Sensors; short-term heart rate; signal enhancement; Signal to noise ratio; Stochastic resonance
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3134280

Heart rate measurement technology based on Doppler radar can monitor heart rate in real time without direct contact with the skin, which possesses the advantages of convenient operation, comfort and insensitivity to the skin state. However, due to the limitation of radar's performance, heartbeat signals obtained by radar sensor do not have clear peak value like electrocardiograms (ECGs) and pulse waves, which affects its measurement accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a non-contact short-term heart rate detection system based on 120 GHz narrow beam frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) millimeter wave radar. On the basis of improving the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) of intermediate frequency (IF) signals with narrow beam, this system applies stochastic resonance algorithm to enhance the amplitude of heartbeat signals submerged in radar system noise, thus enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of heartbeat signals and improving the accuracy of heart rate detection. The short-term heart rate of 10 volunteers is measured at 3 s interval under the condition that the radar sensor was 1 m from the human chest. Experimental results show that compared with the peak count of the reference pulse wave sensor, the results of this system are highly consistent with those of photoplethysmograph (PPG) detection. Finally, those results of heart rate detection are also used to analyze heart rate variability (HRV).