Diabetes Remission Is Modulated by Branched Chain Amino Acids According to the Diet Consumed: From the CORDIOPREV Study

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 66; no. 4; pp. e2100652 - n/a
• Main Authors: Cardelo, Magdalena P., Alcala‐Diaz, Juan F., Gutierrez‐Mariscal, Francisco M., Lopez‐Moreno, Javier, Villasanta‐Gonzalez, Alejandro, Arenas‐de Larriva, Antonio P., Cruz‐Ares, Silvia de la, Delgado‐Lista, Javier, Rodriguez‐Cantalejo, Fernando, Luque, Raul M., Ordovas, Jose M., Perez‐Martinez, Pablo, Camargo, Antonio, Lopez‐Miranda, Jose
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2022
• Subjects: Amino acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; branched chain amino acids; Chain branching; Chains; CORDIOPREV study; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Diet, Mediterranean; Glucose tolerance; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Isoleucine; Leucine; Low fat diet; Mediterranean diet; Nutrient deficiency; Plasma; Plasma levels; Remission; type 2 diabetes remission; Valine; branched chain amino acids; CORDIOPREV study; Mediterranean diet; type 2 diabetes remission
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100652

Scope Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) plasma levels may be differentially associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission through the consumption of the Mediterranean diet (Med) and a low‐fat (LF) diet. Methods One hundred eighty‐three newly diagnosed T2DM patients within the CORDIOPREV study are randomized to consume the Med or a LF diet. BCAA plasma levels (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are measured at fasting and after 120 min of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the baseline of the study and after 5 years of the dietary intervention. Results Isoleucine, leucine, and valine plasma levels after 120 min of an OGTT in the Med diet (N = 80) are associated by COX analysis with T2DM remission: HR per SD (95% CI): 0.53 (0.37–0.77), 0.75 (0.52–1.08), and 0.61 (0.45–0.82), respectively; no association is found in patients who consumed a LF diet (N = 103). BCAA plasma levels combined in a score show a HR of 3.33 (1.55–7.19) of T2DM remission for patients with a high score values in the Med diet, while in those with a LF diet, no association is found. Conclusion The study suggests that BCAA measurements potentially be used as a tool to select the most suitable diet to induce T2DM remission by nutritional strategies. Type 2 diabetes mellitus remission may be induced by the consumption of healthy diets without a relevant weigh loss. The determination of BCAA in plasma may potentially be used as a tool to select the most suitable diet to induce T2DM remission by nutritional strategies. Low BCAA plasma levels are associated with T2DM remission when a Mediterranean diet is consumed; however, this is not observed for the case of low‐fat diet consumption.