Different Effects of Cigarette Smoke, Heated Tobacco Product and E-Cigarette Vapour on Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Orbitopathy; a Study by Real Time Cell Electronic Sensing

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 9; p. 3001
• Main Authors: Aranyosi, Janos K, Galgoczi, Erika, Erdei, Annamaria, Katko, Monika, Fodor, Mariann, Ujhelyi, Zoltan, Bacskay, Ildiko, Nagy, Endre V, Ujhelyi, Bernadett
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 07.05.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Aerosols; alternative tobacco products; Autoimmune diseases; Autoimmunity; Cells, Cultured; Cigarette smoke; cigarette smoke extract; Cigarette smoking; Cigarette Smoking - adverse effects; Cigarettes; Connective tissue; E-Cigarette Vapor; Electronic cigarettes; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Electronics; Experiments; Fibroblasts; Graves disease; Graves Ophthalmopathy - complications; Graves Ophthalmopathy - metabolism; Graves Ophthalmopathy - pathology; Graves orbitopathy (GO); Humans; Hyaluronic acid; Metabolism; Nicotine; Pathogenesis; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Real time; real time cell electronic sensing (RT CES); retrobulbar fibroblast; Smoking; Thyroid; Tobacco; Tobacco Products; real time cell electronic sensing (RT CES); retrobulbar fibroblast; cigarette smoke extract; Graves orbitopathy (GO); alternative tobacco products
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093001

Thyroid autoimmunity in Graves’ disease (GD) is accompanied by Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) in 40% of the cases. Orbital fibroblasts (OF) play a key role in the pathogenesis and cigarette smoking is a known deteriorating factor. Alongside conventional cigarettes (CC) new alternatives became available for smokers, including heated tobacco products (HTP) and E-cigarettes (ECIG). We aimed to study the cellular effects of smoke extracts (SE) in orbital fibroblasts. Primary OF cultures from GO and NON-GO orbits were exposed to different concentrations of SE (1%, 50%) and the changes were followed using Real Time Cell Electronic Sensing (RT-CES). Untreated GO and NON-GO cells had different maximum cell index (CI) values of 3.3 and 2.79 respectively (p < 0.0001). CC, HTP and ECIG treated NON-GO fibroblasts exhibited peak CIs of 2.62, 3.32 and 3.41 while treated GO cells’ CIs were higher, 5.38, 6.25 and 6.33, respectively (p < 0.0001). The metabolic activity (MTT) decreased (p < 0.001) and hyaluronan production doubled (p < 0.02) after 50% of CC SE treatment in all cell cultures. GO fibroblasts were more sensitive to low concentration SE then NON-GO fibroblasts (p < 0.0001). The studied SEs exerted different effects. RT-CES is a sensitive technique to detect the effects of very low concentration of SE on fibroblasts.