Cadmium induced pathophysiology: Prophylactic role of edible jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaves with special emphasis on oxidative stress and mitochondrial involvement

• Published in: Food and chemical toxicology Vol. 60; pp. 188 - 198
• Main Authors: Dewanjee, Saikat, Gangopadhyay, Moumita, Sahu, Ranabir, Karmakar, Sarmila
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidant; antioxidants; Antioxidants - pharmacology; bcl-Associated Death Protein - genetics; bcl-Associated Death Protein - metabolism; bioassays; Biological and medical sciences; body weight; cadmium; Cadmium - toxicity; Cadmium Chloride - toxicity; Caspase 3 - genetics; Caspase 3 - metabolism; Caspase 9 - genetics; Caspase 9 - metabolism; caspase-3; CdCl2; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases; Corchorus - chemistry; Corchorus olitorius; DNA fragmentation; DNA Fragmentation - drug effects; dose response; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; flavonoids; Flavonoids - pharmacology; Gene Expression Regulation; glutathione; Glutathione - metabolism; hepatocytes; Hepatocytes - drug effects; Hepatocytes - metabolism; jute; leaves; lipid peroxidation; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Male; Medical sciences; Metals and various inorganic compounds; Mice; Mitochondria - drug effects; Mitochondria - metabolism; NF-kappa B - genetics; NF-kappa B - metabolism; oxidation; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; pathophysiology; phenolic compounds; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Leaves - chemistry; poisoning; protective effect; Protein Carbonylation - drug effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Toxicology; transcription factor NF-kappa B; Oxidative stress; Antioxidant; Corchorus olitorius; CdCl2; Cadmium toxicity; Cadmium; Pathophysiology; Toxicity; Transition metal; Plant leaf; Heavy metal; Prevention; Mitochondria; CdCl; Dicotyledones; Tiliaceae; Angiospermae; Plant origin; Spermatophyta; Mechanism of action; Food
• ISSN: 0278-6915; 1873-6351
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.043

•Cd is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant.•Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in Cd toxicity.•Jute leaf is edible and contains significant quantity of phyto-antioxidants.•This is the first report on protective role of jute leaf against Cd-intoxication.•It mainly acts through reducing oxidative stress associated with Cd-intoxication. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves (AECO) against CdCl2 intoxication. In vitro bioassay on isolated mice hepatocytes confirmed dose dependent cytoprotective effect of AECO. The CdCl2 (30μM) exhibited a significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation along with the reduction of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione levels in hepatocytes. AECO (200 and 400μg/ml) + CdCl2 (30μM) could significantly restore the aforementioned oxidation parameters in hepatocytes. Beside this, AECO could significantly reduce Cd-induced increase in Bad/Bcl-2 ratio and the over-expression of NF-κB, caspase 3 and caspase 9. In in vivo assay, CdCl2 (4mg/kg body weight, for 6days) treated rats exhibited a significantly increased intracellular Cd accumulation, oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in the organs. In addition, the haematological parameters were significantly altered in the CdCl2 treated rats. Simultaneous administration of AECO (50 and 100mg/kg body weight), could significantly restore the biochemical, antioxidant and haematological parameters near to the normal status. Histological studies of the organs supported the protective role of jute leaves. Presence of substantial quantity of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in extract may be responsible for overall protective effect.