Development of an ultra-sensitive enzyme immunoassay for human insulin autoantibodies

• Published in: Clinical biochemistry Vol. 45; no. 13-14; pp. 1086 - 1091
• Main Authors: Numata, Satoshi, Umehara, Asako, Katakami, Hideki, Inoue, Shinobu, Hashida, Seiichi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.09.2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Autoantibodies - blood; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Dextran–charcoal; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - immunology; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Disease Progression; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Enzyme immunoassay; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Graves Disease - diagnosis; Graves Disease - drug therapy; Graves Disease - immunology; Graves' disease; Hashimoto Disease - immunology; Hashimoto Disease - pathology; Humans; Hyperinsulinism - immunology; Hyperinsulinism - pathology; Immunoenzyme Techniques - methods; Insulin - analysis; Insulin - immunology; Insulin antibodies; Insulin Antibodies - analysis; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects); Medical sciences; Methimazole - therapeutic use; Non tumoral diseases. Target tissue resistance. Benign neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thyroid. Thyroid axis (diseases); FI; Graves' disease; DNP; GAD; Enzyme immunoassay; Insulin antibodies; BSA; LADA; ICT-EIA; Diabetes; Dextran–charcoal; ELISA; IA-2; Endocrinopathy; Autoimmunity; Immunopathology; Antibody; Insulin human; Hyperthyroidism; Diabetes mellitus; Thyroid diseases; Autoantibody; Autoimmune disease; Dextran-charcoal; Dextran; Blood substitute; Clinical biology; Development; Graves disease; Glycosaminoglycan
• ISSN: 0009-9120; 1873-2933
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.027

We developed an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay (ICT-EIA) for insulin autoantibody (IAA) measurements to better understand the pathophysiology of diabetes. We developed ICT-EIA for IAA and measured IAA in 24 patients with type 1 diabetes, 30 patients with type 2 diabetes, 30 patients with methimazole-treated Graves' disease, 20 patients with Hashimoto's disease, 9 patients with hyperinsulinemia, and 73 healthy control subjects. The conventional ELISA identified 3 patients with type 1 diabetes and 2 patients with type 2 diabetes as IAA positive, whereas 15 patients with type 1 diabetes, 7 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 4 patients with methimazole-treated Graves' disease were identified as IAA positive using ICT-EIA. The ICT-EIA is an ultrasensitive and specific assay for IAA, and its use may provide a better understanding of the role of IAA in diabetes onset and progression. ► We developed an ultra-sensitive enzyme immunoassay (ICT-EIA) for IAA measurements. ► The ICT-EIA was more sensitive for the detection of IAA than a conventional ELISA. ► The ICT-EIA will be useful for the early detection and diagnosis of LADA.