Vacuum Chamber Infusion for Fiber-Reinforced Composites

• Published in: Polymers Vol. 16; no. 19; p. 2763
• Main Authors: Grisin, Benjamin, Carosella, Stefan, Middendorf, Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.09.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Aircraft; Automation; Carbon fibers; Complexity; Composite materials; Cost control; Fiber composites; Fiber orientation; Fiber placement; Fiber volume fraction; fiber-reinforced composites; Food packaging; Food packaging machinery; impregnation; infusion; Laminates; Manufacturing; Material properties; Mechanical properties; Open systems; Packaging; Preforms; Process management; Recycling; vacuum chamber infusion; Vacuum chambers; VAP; VCI; Germany; thermoset; carbon fiber; VAP; infusion; fiber-reinforced composites; porosity; VCI; impregnation; mechanical properties; vacuum chamber infusion; void content
• ISSN: 2073-4360; 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym16192763

A new approach to an automatable fiber impregnation and consolidation process for the manufacturing of fiber-reinforced composite parts is presented in this article. Therefore, a vacuum chamber sealing machine classically used in food packaging is modified for this approach-Vacuum Chamber Infusion (VCI). Dry fiber placement (DFP) preforms, made from 30 k carbon fiber tape, with different layer amounts and fiber orientations, are infused with the VCI and with the state-of-the-art process-Vacuum Assisted Process (VAP)-as the reference. VCI uses a closed system that is evacuated once, while VAP uses a permanently evacuated open system. Since process management greatly influences material properties, the mechanical properties, void content, and fiber volume fraction (FVF) are analyzed. In addition, the study aims to identify how the complexity of a resin infusion process can be reduced, the automation potential can be increased, and the number of consumables can be reduced. Comparable material characteristics and a reduction in consumables, setup complexity, and manufacturing time by a factor of four could be approved for VCI. A void content of less than 2% is measured for both processes and an FVF of 39% for VCI and 45% for VAP is achieved.