Biodegradation of α-, β-, and γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane by Arthrobacter fluorescens and Arthrobacter giacomelloi

• Published in: Applied biochemistry and biotechnology Vol. 170; no. 3; pp. 514 - 524
• Main Authors: De Paolis, M. R., Lippi, D., Guerriero, E., Polcaro, C. M., Donati, E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer-Verlag 01.06.2013; Springer
• Subjects: Arthrobacter; Arthrobacter - growth & development; Arthrobacter - metabolism; Biochemistry; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biological and medical sciences; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - metabolism; Insecticides - metabolism; Lindane - metabolism; Soil Pollutants - metabolism; Biodegradation; Lindane; GC/MS; HPLC; HCHs; HPLC chromatography; Bacteria; Actinomycetes; HCH; Arthrobacter
• ISSN: 0273-2289; 1559-0291
• DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0147-9

The organochlorine pesticide γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH, lindane) and its non-insecticidal isomers α-, β-, and δ- continue to pose serious environmental and health concerns, although their use has been restricted or completely banned for decades. The present study reports the first results on the ability of two Arthrobacter strains, not directly isolated from a HCH-polluted site, to grow in a mineral salt medium containing α-, β-, or γ-HCH (100 mg l −1 ) as sole source of carbon. Growth of cultures and HCHs degradation by Arthrobacter fluorescens and Arthrobacter giacomelloi were investigated after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days of incubation by enumerating colony forming units and GC with ECD detection, respectively. Both bacteria are able to metabolize the HCHs: A . giacomelloi is the most effective one, as after 72 h of incubation it produces 88 % degradation of α-, 60 % of β-, and 56 % of γ-HCH. The formation of possible persistent compounds was studied by GC/MS and by HPLC analysis. Pentachlorocyclohexenes and tetrachlorocyclohexenes have been detected as metabolites, which are almost completely eliminated after 72 h of incubation, while no phenolic compounds were found.