Evaluation of genotoxicity of nitrile fragrance ingredients using in vitro and in vivo assays
•Genotoxicity tests were conducted on eight nitriles used as fragrance materials.•No mutagenicity was observed in Ames tests (+S9) conducted in seven nitriles.•Nitriles positive in in vitro CA and in vitro MNT were also tested in in vivo MMNT.•No mutagenicity was noted in in vivo MMNT (high dose ran...
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Published in | Food and chemical toxicology Vol. 59; pp. 784 - 792 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
01.09.2013
Elsevier |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | •Genotoxicity tests were conducted on eight nitriles used as fragrance materials.•No mutagenicity was observed in Ames tests (+S9) conducted in seven nitriles.•Nitriles positive in in vitro CA and in vitro MNT were also tested in in vivo MMNT.•No mutagenicity was noted in in vivo MMNT (high dose ranged 200 to 2000mg/kg/day).•It is concluded that these eight nitriles are not considered to be genotoxic
Genotoxicity studies were conducted on a group of 8 fragrance ingredients that belong to the nitrile family. These nitriles are widely used in consumer products however there is very limited data in the literature regarding the genotoxicity of these nitriles. The 8 nitriles were assessed for genotoxicity using an Ames test, in vitro chromosome aberration test or in vitro micronucleus test. The positive results observed in the in vitro tests were further investigated using an in vivo micronucleus test. The results from these different tests were compared and these 8 nitriles are not considered to be genotoxic. Dodecanitrile and 2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-enylacetonitrile were negative in the in vitro chromosome aberration test and in vitro micronucleus test, respectively. While citronellyl nitrile, 3-methyl-5-phenylpentanenitrile, cinnamyl nitrile, and 3-methyl-5-phenylpent-2-enenitrile revealed positive results in the in vitro tests, but confirmatory in vivo tests determined these nitriles to be negative in the in vivo micronucleus assay. The remaining two nitriles (benzonitrile and α-cyclohexylidene benzeneacetonitrile) were negative in the in vivo micronucleus test. This study aims to evaluate the genotoxicity potential of these nitriles as well as enrich the literature with genotoxicity data on fragrance ingredients. |
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Bibliography: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.040 |
ISSN: | 0278-6915 1873-6351 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.040 |