Organization, structure and evolution of the CYP2 gene cluster on human chromosome 19

• Published in: Pharmacogenetics (London) Vol. 11; no. 8; p. 687
• Main Authors: Hoffman, S M, Nelson, D R, Keeney, D S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.11.2001
• Subjects: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 - genetics; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - chemistry; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System - genetics; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Order; Humans; Multigene Family - genetics; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating - chemistry; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating - genetics; Oxygenases - chemistry; Oxygenases - genetics; Steroid Hydroxylases - chemistry; Steroid Hydroxylases - genetics
• ISSN: 0960-314X
• DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200111000-00007

The cytochrome P450 superfamily of mixed-function oxygenases has been extensively studied due to its many critical metabolic roles, and also because it is a fascinating example of gene family evolution. The cluster of genes on human chromosome 19 from the CYP2A, 2B, and 2F subfamilies has been previously described as having a complex organization and many pseudogenes. We describe the discovery of genes from three more CYP2 subfamilies inside the cluster, and assemble a complete map of the region. We comprehensively review the organization, structure, and expression of genes from all six subfamilies. A general hypothesis for the evolution of this complex gene cluster is also presented.