A unique clinical phenotype of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with Crohn's disease

• Published in: Journal of Crohn's and colitis Vol. 6; no. 2; pp. 174 - 181
• Main Authors: Halliday, J.S., Djordjevic, J., Lust, M., Culver, E.L., Braden, B., Travis, S.P.L., Chapman, R.W.G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 01.03.2012
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - pathology; Child; Cholangitis, Sclerosing - complications; Cholangitis, Sclerosing - pathology; Cholangitis, Sclerosing - therapy; Crohn Disease - complications; Crohn Disease - therapy; Crohn's disease; Disease Progression; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Ileum - pathology; Inflammatory bowel disease; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Phenotype; Primary sclerosing cholangitis; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult; Inflammatory bowel disease; CD; PSC; Phenotype; OLT; 5-ASA; Primary sclerosing cholangitis; IBD; UDCA; Crohn's disease; UC
• ISSN: 1873-9946; 1876-4479
• DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.07.015

A distinct clinical phenotype has been demonstrated for ulcerative colitis with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The course and behaviour of Crohn's disease (CD) with PSC has, in contrast, never been defined. We aimed to define the characteristics of patients with concomitant PSC and CD. The Oxford PSC and IBD databases were abstracted for: PSC subtype, date of diagnosis, symptom onset, smoking history, Mayo Clinic PSC score and outcomes (hepatic failure, liver transplantation, Montréal CD classification, treatment, cancer and death). Patients with PSC/CD were matched 1:2 to two control groups: one with PSC/UC and one with isolated CD. 240 patients with PSC were identified; 32 (13%) with CD, 129 (54%) with co-existing UC, and 79 had PSC without IBD. For PSC/CD vs. CD controls, isolated ileal CD was less common (6% vs. 31%, p=0.03). Smoking was less common in PSC/CD (13% vs. 34%, p=0.045). No difference in the distribution of CD, or treatment required was observed. For PSC/CD vs. PSC/UC controls, more patients with PSC/CD were female (50% vs. 28%, p=0.021). 22% of PSC/CD patients had small duct PSC compared with 6% with PSC/UC, (p=0.038). Major event-free survival was prolonged in the PSC/CD group compared with PSC/UC, (Cox regression p=0.04). Unlike PSC/UC, patients with PSC/CD were as likely to be female as male, more commonly had small duct PSC and less commonly progressed to cancer, liver transplantation, or death. Compared to patients with isolated CD, patients with PSC/CD were less likely to smoke or have ileal disease.