Dynamic simulations of the cryogenic system of a tokamak

• Published in: IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 101; no. 1; pp. 12158 - 12165
• Main Authors: Cirillo, R, Hoa, C, Michel, F, Poncet, J M, Rousset, B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 18.12.2015
• Subjects: Acceptance tests; Alternative energy sources; Coils; Cryogenic engineering; Cryogenic equipment; Dynamic models; Dynamical systems; Dynamics; Fusion reactors; Heats (energies); Load; Nuclear electric power generation; Nuclear fusion; Nuclear fusion reactors; Nuclear reactors; Plasmas; Plasmas (physics); Refrigerators; Smoothing; Superconductors; Tokamak devices
• ISSN: 1757-8981; 1757-899X
• DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/101/1/012158

Power generation in the next decades could be provided by thermo-nuclear fusion reactors like tokamaks. There inside, the fusion reaction takes place thanks to the generation of plasmas at hundreds of millions of degrees that must be confined magnetically with superconductive coils, cooled down to 4.4K. The plasma works cyclically and the coil system is subjected to pulsed heat load which has to be handled by the refrigerator. By smoothing the variable loads, the refrigerator capacity can be set close to the average power; optimizing investment and operational costs. Within the "Broader Approach agreement" related to ITER project, CEA (Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives) is in charge of providing the cryogenic system for the Japanese tokamak (JT-60SA), that is currently under construction in Naka. The system has been designed to handle the pulsed heat loads. To prepare the acceptance tests of the cryogenic system foreseen in 2016, both dynamic modelling and experimental tests on a scaled down mock-up are of high interest for assessing pulsed load smoothing control. After explaining HELIOS (HElium Loop for hIgh lOad Smoothing) operating modes, a dynamic model is presented, with results on the pulsed heat load scenarios. All the simulations have been performed with EcosimPro® and the associated cryogenic library CRYOLIB.