Investigation on emergency core coolant bypass with local measurement of liquid film thickness using electrical conductance sensor fabricated on flexible printed circuit board

• Published in: International journal of heat and mass transfer Vol. 139; pp. 130 - 143
• Main Authors: Choi, Chi-Jin, Cho, Hyoung Kyu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2019; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Aerodynamics; Air flow; Bypasses; Circuit boards; Computational fluid dynamics; Electrical resistance; Emergency core coolant bypass; Entrainment; Film thickness; Flexible printed circuit board sensor; High definition; Liquid film thickness; Liquid film thickness sensor; Nuclear reactor components; Nuclear reactors; Pressure vessels; Printed circuit boards; Printed circuits; Qualitative analysis; Reliability analysis; Resistance; Sensor arrays; Sensors; Thickness measurement; Two phase flow; Two-phase cross-flow; Visual observation; Working fluids; Liquid film thickness; Flexible printed circuit board sensor; Two-phase cross-flow; Liquid film thickness sensor; Emergency core coolant bypass
• ISSN: 0017-9310; 1879-2189
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.05.019

•Liquid film thickness sensor using electrical conductance method was developed.•Local liquid film thickness was measured at ECC bypass experiment.•By comparing the measurement results with the visual observations, the operability of the sensor was confirmed.•The measured results contribute to better understanding of the ECC bypass phenomenon. An experimental work was conducted in a reduced-scale downcomer annulus of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel in order to investigate the behavior of liquid films under emergency core coolant (ECC) bypass conditions and to obtain high definition data for validating two-phase flow prediction capability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. Air and water at ambient pressure and temperature were used as a working fluid, creating a multidimensional two-phase flow in the test section. The main instrumentation was an electrical conductance sensor that was developed to measure the local thickness of the liquid film. The sensor has an array of 24 × 24 measuring points, each of which has 12 mm × 6 mm of the sensing area. The fabrication of the electrodes on a flexible printed circuit board enabled the sensor to be installed on the curved surface. The time-averaged liquid film thickness, which was measured by the developed sensor, shows the influence of the lateral air flow on the liquid film flow, and it was compared with visual observations. As the air velocity increased, a droplet appeared that was created in the thick part of the liquid film, and the thinned liquid film after entrainment could be confirmed from the measured thickness distribution. In this study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the measurement results show the reliability of the developed sensor and help to understand the liquid film behavior in the ECC bypass phenomenon. Furthermore, the measured thickness distribution can contribute to validating the CFD codes, which have not been validated sufficiently because of a lack of local measurement data for the ECC bypass condition.