Removing indoor particles using portable air cleaners: Implications for residential infection transmission

• Published in: Building and environment Vol. 46; no. 12; pp. 2512 - 2519
• Main Authors: Zuraimi, M.S., Nilsson, G.J., Magee, R.J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Building technical equipments; Buildings; Buildings. Public works; Cleaners; Electrets; Environmental engineering; Exact sciences and technology; Expsores; Filtration; Indoor; Infection risk; Influenza; Influenza virus; Pollution indoor buildings; Portability; Portable air cleaners; Residential; Risk; Surrogate particles; Ventilation. Air conditioning; Canada, Quebec; Portable air cleaners; Expsores; Surrogate particles; Influenza; Infection risk; Air conditioning; Air pollution control; Risk analysis; Experimental study; Forecast model; Modeling; Infection; Particle size distribution; Residential building; Viral disease; Indoor pollution; Measurement method
• ISSN: 0360-1323; 1873-684X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.06.008

Reducing indoor exposure to influenza particles can be an important strategy to manage residential infections. Many portable air cleaning (PAC) technologies are currently employed in residential environments but very little research has been performed to evaluate and compare their performance in terms of particle removal associated with influenza. This study evaluates the effectiveness of portable air cleaners at removing airborne NaCl particles as an analogue to the influenza virus and applies the results to an IAQ mass balance model to evaluate the performance in controlling residential exposures and mitigating infection risks. Various devices representing different PAC technologies were tested using a pull down particle challenge in a full scale stainless steel chamber. Particle generation and measurement were conducted using a 6-jet atomizer and a paired aerodynamic particle sizer (APS)-scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), respectively. PAC incorporating HEPA filtration, electrostatic precipitation, ion generation and electret filtration were tested. We found that particle exposures released during a cough or sneeze event in a typical Quebec City residential room in Canada can significantly be reduced using HEPA, electrostatic precipitation and electret filtration PACs when compared with a situation where no PAC is being used. Modelling analysis demonstrates that the use of these PACs can mitigate the risks of influenza infection via airborne route for a caregiver or a spouse sharing the same room. The implications of this study are significant considering low ventilation rates of Quebec City residences. ► We studied PAC performance removal of particles in a chamber. ► Models were created to evaluate influenza exposures and risks for a Quebec City room. ► HEPA, electrostatic precipitation and electret PACs reduced exposures and risks. ► Some PACs can mitigate the risks of influenza infection via airborne route.