Management of Postoperative Pain after Elective Craniotomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of a Neurosurgical Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Program
To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the management of postoperative pain after elective craniotomies. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the neurosurgical center of Tangdu Hospital (Fourth Military Medical Univer...
Saved in:
Published in | International journal of medical sciences Vol. 17; no. 11; pp. 1541 - 1549 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Australia
Ivyspring International Publisher Pty Ltd
01.01.2020
Ivyspring International Publisher |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
Abstract | To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the management of postoperative pain after elective craniotomies.
This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the neurosurgical center of Tangdu Hospital (Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China). A total of 129 patients undergoing craniotomies between October 2016 and July 2017 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing an ERAS protocol to a conventional postoperative care regimen. The primary outcome was the postoperative pain score assessed by a verbal numerical rating scale (NRS).
Patients in the ERAS group had a significant reduction in their postoperative pain scores on POD 1 compared to patients in the control group (p < 0.05). More patients (n = 44, 68.8%) in the ERAS group experienced mild pain (NRS: 1 to 3) on POD1 compared with patients (n = 23, 35.4%) in the control group (p < 0.05). A further reduction in pain scores was also observed on POD 2 and maintained on POD 3 in the ERAS group compared with that in the control group. In addition, the median postoperative length of hospital stay was significantly decreased with the incorporation of the ERAS protocol compared to controls (ERAS: 4 days, control: 7 days, P<0.001).
The implementation of a neurosurgical ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy patients has significant benefits in alleviating postoperative pain and enhancing recovery leading to early discharge after surgery compared to conventional care. Further evaluation of this protocol in larger, multi-center studies is warranted. |
---|---|
AbstractList | To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the management of postoperative pain after elective craniotomies.
This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the neurosurgical center of Tangdu Hospital (Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China). A total of 129 patients undergoing craniotomies between October 2016 and July 2017 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing an ERAS protocol to a conventional postoperative care regimen. The primary outcome was the postoperative pain score assessed by a verbal numerical rating scale (NRS).
Patients in the ERAS group had a significant reduction in their postoperative pain scores on POD 1 compared to patients in the control group (p < 0.05). More patients (n = 44, 68.8%) in the ERAS group experienced mild pain (NRS: 1 to 3) on POD1 compared with patients (n = 23, 35.4%) in the control group (p < 0.05). A further reduction in pain scores was also observed on POD 2 and maintained on POD 3 in the ERAS group compared with that in the control group. In addition, the median postoperative length of hospital stay was significantly decreased with the incorporation of the ERAS protocol compared to controls (ERAS: 4 days, control: 7 days, P<0.001).
The implementation of a neurosurgical ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy patients has significant benefits in alleviating postoperative pain and enhancing recovery leading to early discharge after surgery compared to conventional care. Further evaluation of this protocol in larger, multi-center studies is warranted. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the management of postoperative pain after elective craniotomies. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the neurosurgical center of Tangdu Hospital (Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China). A total of 129 patients undergoing craniotomies between October 2016 and July 2017 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing an ERAS protocol to a conventional postoperative care regimen. The primary outcome was the postoperative pain score assessed by a verbal numerical rating scale (NRS). Results: Patients in the ERAS group had a significant reduction in their postoperative pain scores on POD 1 compared to patients in the control group (p < 0.05). More patients (n = 44, 68.8%) in the ERAS group experienced mild pain (NRS: 1 to 3) on POD1 compared with patients (n = 23, 35.4%) in the control group (p < 0.05). A further reduction in pain scores was also observed on POD 2 and maintained on POD 3 in the ERAS group compared with that in the control group. In addition, the median postoperative length of hospital stay was significantly decreased with the incorporation of the ERAS protocol compared to controls (ERAS: 4 days, control: 7 days, P< 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a neurosurgical ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy patients has significant benefits in alleviating postoperative pain and enhancing recovery leading to early discharge after surgery compared to conventional care. Further evaluation of this protocol in larger, multi-center studies is warranted. Objective: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the management of postoperative pain after elective craniotomies. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the neurosurgical center of Tangdu Hospital (Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China). A total of 129 patients undergoing craniotomies between October 2016 and July 2017 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing an ERAS protocol to a conventional postoperative care regimen. The primary outcome was the postoperative pain score assessed by a verbal numerical rating scale (NRS). Results: Patients in the ERAS group had a significant reduction in their postoperative pain scores on POD 1 compared to patients in the control group (p < 0.05). More patients (n = 44, 68.8%) in the ERAS group experienced mild pain (NRS: 1 to 3) on POD1 compared with patients (n = 23, 35.4%) in the control group (p < 0.05). A further reduction in pain scores was also observed on POD 2 and maintained on POD 3 in the ERAS group compared with that in the control group. In addition, the median postoperative length of hospital stay was significantly decreased with the incorporation of the ERAS protocol compared to controls (ERAS: 4 days, control: 7 days, P<0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a neurosurgical ERAS protocol for elective craniotomy patients has significant benefits in alleviating postoperative pain and enhancing recovery leading to early discharge after surgery compared to conventional care. Further evaluation of this protocol in larger, multi-center studies is warranted. |
Author | Zhao, Binfang Li, Ruigang Wang, Xuelian Gao, Guodong Chen, Lei Zhang, Haitao Wang, Yuan Han, Haijing Sankey, Eric W Ye, Lin Zhao, Lanfu Niu, Jiangtao Chai, Wei Li, Zhengmin Jiang, Xue Liu, Bolin He, Shiming Liu, Wenjuan Chen, Long Wang, Binrong Qu, Liang Zhang, Yufu Xue, Yafei Zheng, Tao |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China 4 Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China 5 Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China 3 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China 6 Department of Nutrition, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China 7 Duke University Hospital. Durham, NC. USA 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 7 Duke University Hospital. Durham, NC. USA – name: 6 Department of Nutrition, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – name: 3 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – name: 5 Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – name: 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – name: 4 Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – name: 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Liang surname: Qu fullname: Qu, Liang organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Bolin surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Bolin organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Haitao surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Haitao organization: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Eric W surname: Sankey fullname: Sankey, Eric W organization: Duke University Hospital. Durham, NC. USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Wei surname: Chai fullname: Chai, Wei organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 6 givenname: Binrong surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Binrong organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Zhengmin surname: Li fullname: Li, Zhengmin organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 8 givenname: Jiangtao surname: Niu fullname: Niu, Jiangtao organization: Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 9 givenname: Binfang surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Binfang organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 10 givenname: Xue surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Xue organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 11 givenname: Lin surname: Ye fullname: Ye, Lin organization: Department of Nutrition, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 12 givenname: Lanfu surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Lanfu organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 13 givenname: Yufu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yufu organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 14 givenname: Tao surname: Zheng fullname: Zheng, Tao organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 15 givenname: Yafei surname: Xue fullname: Xue, Yafei organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 16 givenname: Lei surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Lei organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 17 givenname: Long surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Long organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 18 givenname: Haijing surname: Han fullname: Han, Haijing organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 19 givenname: Wenjuan surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Wenjuan organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 20 givenname: Ruigang surname: Li fullname: Li, Ruigang organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China – sequence: 21 givenname: Guodong surname: Gao fullname: Gao, Guodong organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 22 givenname: Xuelian surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Xuelian organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 23 givenname: Yuan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yuan organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China – sequence: 24 givenname: Shiming surname: He fullname: He, Shiming organization: Department of Neurosurgery, Xi'an International Medical Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32669957$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNpdkdtuEzEQhi1URA9wwwOglbgpSCn22utdc4EUReEgFYjScm1NvLOpo1072LuR0hfqa-JtQ1W48njm0z-H_5QcOe-QkNeMXpSsoB_sposXQgrKn5ETJoSaMEXLoyfxMTmNcUMpz3nJXpBjnkupVFGekLvv4GCNHbo-80228LH3WwzQ2x1mC7Aug6bHkM1bNPe5WQBnfe-7_cdsmi2Cj9tDZQmu9p29xTqbedcH37YpvA4W2lEash84JHwIa2tSau5uwJlELNH4HYb9odNVAsbf-Xw5vXo3dlgH6F6S5w20EV8d3jPy6_P8evZ1cvnzy7fZ9HJiBJX9pFlhXdOVkWWuTAUGUSFTWGCxkkygrCFHaJpSccNSRFdFoXJAaViluEDgZ-TTg-52WHVYm3SXAK3eBttB2GsPVv9bcfZGr_1Ol7xQvCqTwPlBIPjfA8ZedzYabFtw6Ieoc5ELIQohaULf_odu_BBcWk_nharySlZVkaj3D5RJx4sBm8dhGNWj_3r0X9_7n-A3T8d_RP8azv8ADTyycQ |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0274639 crossref_primary_10_1097_ANA_0000000000000967 crossref_primary_10_1097_ANA_0000000000000946 crossref_primary_10_1111_iwj_14595 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wneu_2022_03_118 crossref_primary_10_1177_15910199221104616 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wnsx_2023_100196 crossref_primary_10_3390_medicina59050831 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_neuchi_2023_101442 crossref_primary_10_1097_ACO_0000000000001043 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2022_860257 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_wneu_2021_10_176 crossref_primary_10_3389_fonc_2021_755378 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_46189 crossref_primary_10_14531_ss2023_2_73_84 crossref_primary_10_3171_2022_7_PEDS22226 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_brainres_2023_148467 crossref_primary_10_4103_ija_ija_646_21 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bpa_2020_11_001 crossref_primary_10_23736_S0390_5616_21_05373_X crossref_primary_10_1097_ANA_0000000000000764 crossref_primary_10_2147_CIA_S353511 crossref_primary_10_1001_jamanetworkopen_2024_17310 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | The author(s). 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. The author(s) 2020 |
Copyright_xml | – notice: The author(s). – notice: 2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: The author(s) 2020 |
DBID | CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7X7 7XB 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S PIMPY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM |
DOI | 10.7150/ijms.46403 |
DatabaseName | Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) |
DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central China ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Complete Health Research Premium Collection ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest One Academic ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE Publicly Available Content Database |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: 7X7 name: ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection url: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Medicine |
EISSN | 1449-1907 |
EndPage | 1549 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_7150_ijms_46403 32669957 |
Genre | Randomized Controlled Trial Journal Article |
GroupedDBID | --- 29J 2WC 4.4 53G 5GY 5VS 7X7 8FI 8FJ ABUWG ACGFO ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AFKRA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BCNDV BENPR CCPQU CGR CUY CVF DIK DU5 E3Z EBS ECM EIF EJD EMOBN F5P FRP FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ GX1 HMCUK HYE KQ8 M48 M~E NPM O5R O5S OK1 P2P PGMZT PIMPY RNS RPM SJN TR2 UKHRP W2D WOQ WOW XSB AAYXX CITATION 3V. 7XB 8FK AZQEC DWQXO K9. PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-fbedd0bc6729c8acee9e19e5e5b614e6da2eaff793c12ea0b5592ae6c18934ea3 |
IEDL.DBID | RPM |
ISSN | 1449-1907 |
IngestDate | Tue Sep 17 21:10:31 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 16 22:34:19 EDT 2024 Fri Sep 13 08:03:14 EDT 2024 Fri Aug 23 00:39:09 EDT 2024 Sat Sep 28 08:38:38 EDT 2024 |
IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
IsOpenAccess | true |
IsPeerReviewed | false |
IsScholarly | false |
Issue | 11 |
Keywords | Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pain management neurosurgery elective craniotomy outcomes |
Language | English |
License | The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. |
LinkModel | DirectLink |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c406t-fbedd0bc6729c8acee9e19e5e5b614e6da2eaff793c12ea0b5592ae6c18934ea3 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-News-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists. These authors contributed equally in this study. |
OpenAccessLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7359387/ |
PMID | 32669957 |
PQID | 2598286885 |
PQPubID | 5263175 |
PageCount | 9 |
ParticipantIDs | pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7359387 proquest_miscellaneous_2424445460 proquest_journals_2598286885 crossref_primary_10_7150_ijms_46403 pubmed_primary_32669957 |
PublicationCentury | 2000 |
PublicationDate | 2020-01-01 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-01-01 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2020 text: 2020-01-01 day: 01 |
PublicationDecade | 2020 |
PublicationPlace | Australia |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Australia – name: Wyoming – name: Sydney |
PublicationTitle | International journal of medical sciences |
PublicationTitleAlternate | Int J Med Sci |
PublicationYear | 2020 |
Publisher | Ivyspring International Publisher Pty Ltd Ivyspring International Publisher |
Publisher_xml | – name: Ivyspring International Publisher Pty Ltd – name: Ivyspring International Publisher |
SSID | ssj0032371 |
Score | 2.010768 |
Snippet | To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the management of postoperative pain after... Objective: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the management of postoperative pain... Objective: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of a neurosurgical enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol on the management of postoperative pain... |
SourceID | pubmedcentral proquest crossref pubmed |
SourceType | Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database |
StartPage | 1541 |
SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Aged Analgesics Analgesics - therapeutic use Cardiovascular disease Clinical trials Consent Craniotomy - adverse effects Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Ethics Female Hospitals Humans Length of stay Male Middle Aged Narcotics Neurosurgery Pain Pain management Pain, Postoperative - drug therapy Patients Perioperative care Postoperative Care Postoperative period Prospective Studies Recovery (Medical) Research Paper Statistical analysis Surgery Young Adult |
SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection dbid: 7X7 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1La9wwEB7SBEovJX07SYtKc0gP7volP3opy7JhCaSEPGBvRrIksiVrbXe9h-QP5W9mRrY3TQu9GUtYhm808400D4DDQodS5Ur5oRKRj_xf-TIrjF9oHihTKF6ElDt8-jOdXCUnUz7dgkmfC0Nhlb1OdIpa2YrOyAcRVZrL0zznAyHpFKBqBj8Wv33qH0X3rF0zjWewE0ZIK1Cys-nG9YqjOAvb4qQZMqDB7Nd89S1Jk75VVm-O_uGYf4dK_mF7jnfhZUca2bBF-RVs6fo1PD_trsXfwP1jEAuzhlEDXrvQbU1vdoa-P3OtwNn4plVvbIQWamYbO7_9zobsbGn7hEt2Lmpl57M7rdiojWK_wcdLElP6tGCumsdqvXQak43raxdCwMiNxV1x26100WZbs6Px-fDiK61AUWBv4ep4fDma-F0HBr9CQ9_4RmqlAlmlSMGrXKBBRWwRRs0lmnWdIr5aGIN7vArxKZDon0RCp1WINCjRIn4H27Wt9QdgApWqFEYYVCIJ0pZcBrE2Eb7jyAkr5cGXHohy0RbaKNFBIbhKgqt0cHlw0GNUdpttVT6KhgefN8O4TejuQ9TarnEOJfQlPEkDD963kG6WQQabFgXPPMiegL2ZQCW4n47Us2tXijuLeRHn2d7_f2sfXkTkpruTmwPYbpZr_RG5TCM_OTF9ACOh_H4 priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access(OpenAccess) dbid: M48 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwdV1ZT9wwEB4hKiFeEFCOFIpclQd4yJLDufpSrVaLUKVFCFiJt8iObW3QblL2kFj-UP9mZ3JsgbZvVmzZSr6x55t4DoDTRLtSxUrZrhKejfxf2TJKjJ3owFEmUUHiUuzw4Dq8GvIfD8HDGrT1O5sPOPunaUf1pIbTcef5afkdNzzy106EfOYif5zMOjzklPTzg8d9TpI-4KvbBN_zI7dOTfpu_CZsIH0Jk4S002u99BfZfO8z-UoJXW7DVsMeWbeGewfWdLELG4Pmfvwj_PrjzcJKw6gSL75Ondyb3Yi8YFVNcNYf1-cc66Gqyst5OVl-Y112My3byEt2KwpVTvIXrVivdmcfY_Oe5JWmFqxK6zFbTKujk_WLUeVLwMiexe2xbFa6q8Ou2Vn_tnt3TiuQO9geDC_7970ruynFYGeo8ee2kVopR2YhcvEsFqhZEWTEUwcS9bsOEWgtjMHNnrnYciQaKp7QYeYiH-Ja-PuwXpSFPgQm8HSVwgiDpwlH_hJLx9fGw2cBksNMWfC1BSL9WWfcSNFSIeRSQi6tkLPguMUobYUm9SgbYRzGcWDBl1U37he6BBGFLhc4hiL7eMBDx4KDGtLVMq0sWBC9AXs1gHJxv-0p8lGVkzvyg8SPo0__nfMINj0y1au_N8ewPp8u9GfkM3N5Ugnrb1-V-tI priority: 102 providerName: Scholars Portal |
Title | Management of Postoperative Pain after Elective Craniotomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of a Neurosurgical Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Program |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32669957 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2598286885/abstract/ https://search.proquest.com/docview/2424445460 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7359387 |
Volume | 17 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1La9wwEB6SFEovpenTbbqotIf24F2_5Edvm8UhFDYsmwT2ZiRLIg5re9nHIf1D_ZsdSfY2j1svRli2ZfhGM99IMyOAb5n0uUiFcH3BAhf5v3B5kik3k9QTKhM083Xu8PQiPr-Ofi3o4gBonwtjgvZLXg2bZT1sqhsTW7mqy1EfJzaaTSdJSLMwTUaHcJiEYe-iW_UbBmHi2zqkCZKdUXVbb4ZRHHn6xBzkKnGWaVN03wg9YZaPAyTvWZyzV_Cyo4pkbH_pGA5k8xqeT7vN8Dfw51_oCmkV0cfutitpK3mTGXr8xBwATvKlVWpkgnapardtffeTjMls3fZplmTOGtHW1W8pyMTGri-xeaWFU3-aEVPDY7NbGz1J8ubGBA4Q7bziXLjrRrq0Odbkez4fX_7QI-jYr7dwfZZfTc7d7twFt0TzvnUVl0J4vIyReJcpQzOKiCJ4knI05jJGVCVTCmd26WPL4-iVBEzGpY_kJ5IsfAdHTdvID0AYqlLOFFOoOiIkKyn3QqkCvEeRCZbCga89EMXKltco0C3RyBUaucIg58BJj1HRTbFNEejSg2mcptSBL_tunBx6x4M1st3hMzqNL6JR7Dnw3kK6H6aXBQeSB2DvH9CFtx_2oDyaAtyd_H387zc_wYtA--1mKecEjrbrnfyM5GbLByjSi2QAz07zi9l8YJYI8DqN0oER87_4pgYZ |
link.rule.ids | 230,315,733,786,790,870,891,2236,12083,21416,24346,27957,27958,31754,31755,33779,33780,43345,43840,53827,53829,74102,74659 |
linkProvider | National Library of Medicine |
linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwEB5BkaAXVJ4NFDCCAxxC87Dz6AWtVlst0K2qdivtLbJjW92qG2_3cSh_iL_JTB5bChK3KLbiSJ9n5ht7HgAfcxMqnWnth1pGPvJ_7as0t35uRKBtrkUeUu7w6DgZnvPvEzFpD9yWbVhlpxNrRa1dSWfk-xFVmsuSLBNf59c-dY2i29W2hcZ9eMDjmFNIXzrZOFxxFKdhU5I0Rd6zP72cLb_whHcNsjoj9A-z_DtA8g-Lc7gDj1uqyHoNtk_gnqmewsNRexn-DH7dhq4wZxm13XVz01TyZifo8bO6ATgbXDVKjfXRLk3dys1uDliPnSxcl2bJTmWl3Wz602jWb2LXr_BxTJuTPi1ZXcNjuV7UepINqos6cICR84qycNOudNbkWLNPg9Pe2WdagWK_nsP54WDcH_pt3wW_RPO-8q0yWgeqTJB4l5lEM4qIInhGKDTmJkFUjbQWJbsM8SlQ6JVE0iRliOSHGxm_gK3KVWYXmERVqqSVFlUHR7KSqSA2NsJ3AplgqT340AFRzJvyGgW6JQRXQXAVNVwe7HUYFa2ILYvbDeHB-80wCgfdeMjKuDXOoTQ-LngSePCygXSzDPLWJM9F6kF6B-zNBCq8fXekml7UBbjTWORxlr76_2-9g0fD8eioOPp2_OM1bEfkqNdnN3uwtVqszRtkMyv1tt6yvwFq5Pux |
linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwEB5BK1VcEOUZWsAIDnAIm5edhEu1LFmVR1erbSv1FtmxrS7qxtt9HMof6t_sOHG2FCRuUWzFkb7xzDf2PADe5yoUMpPSDyWPfOT_0hdprv1c0UDqXNI8tLnDRyN2eJp8P6NnLv5p6cIqO53YKGppKntG3otspbmMZRntaRcWMf46PJhf-raDlL1pde007sN2mjCKEr79pRiNJ51ejqM4DdsCpSmyoN7012z5KWFJ1y6rM0n_8My_wyX_sD_DR_DQEUfSb5HehXuqfgw7R-5q_Alc3wayEKOJbcJr5qqt603G6P-Tph04KS5aFUcGaKWmZmVmV59Jn4wXpku6JBNeSzOb_laSDNpI9gt8PLGiaj_NSVPRY7leNFqTFPV5E0ZArCuLO-PKrXTcZlyTD8Wkf_zRrmAjwZ7C6bA4GRz6rguDX6GxX_laKCkDUTGk4VXG0agivgilogJNu2KIseJa4z6vQnwKBPooEVesCpEKJYrHz2CrNrV6AYSjYhVcc42KJEHqkokgVjrCdxR5YSU9eNcBUc7bYhslOikWrtLCVTZwebDfYVS6Dbcsb8XDg7ebYdwq9v6D18qscY5N6ktowgIPnreQbpZBFsvynKYepHfA3kywZbjvjtTT86YcdxrTPM7Sl___rTewg_Ja_vw2-rEHDyLrtTcHOfuwtVqs1SukNivx2snsDRETAWM |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Management+of+Postoperative+Pain+after+Elective+Craniotomy%3A+A+Prospective+Randomized+Controlled+Trial+of+a+Neurosurgical+Enhanced+Recovery+after+Surgery+%28ERAS%29+Program&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+medical+sciences&rft.au=Qu%2C+Liang&rft.au=Liu%2C+Bolin&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Haitao&rft.au=Sankey%2C+Eric+W&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.eissn=1449-1907&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1541&rft_id=info:doi/10.7150%2Fijms.46403&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32669957&rft.externalDocID=32669957 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1449-1907&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1449-1907&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1449-1907&client=summon |