Conjugal transfer of a Sinorhizobium meliloti cryptic plasmid evaluated during a field release and in soil microcosms

• Published in: European journal of soil biology Vol. 55; pp. 9 - 12
• Main Authors: Giusti, María de los Ángeles, Lozano, Mauricio J., Torres Tejerizo, Gonzalo A., Martini, María Carla, Salas, María Eugenia, López, José Luis, Draghi, Walter O., Del Papa, María Florencia, Pistorio, Mariano, Lagares, Antonio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Paris Elsevier Masson SAS 01.03.2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: agar; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; alfalfa; Biochemistry and biology; Biological and medical sciences; Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties; Cryptic plasmid; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Horizontal gene transfer; Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils; plasmids; Rhizobia; rhizosphere; seed inoculation; Sinorhizobium meliloti; soil; soil bacteria; Soil inoculation; Soil science; trapping; Rhizobia; Soil inoculation; Cryptic plasmid; Horizontal gene transfer; Microcosm; Symbiont; Genetic transfer; Plasmid; Soils; Inoculation; Bacteria; Soil science; Rhizobiaceae; Sinorhizobium meliloti
• ISSN: 1164-5563
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejsobi.2012.11.005

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a central evolutionary mechanism that mediates the diversification and adaptation of bacteria in general and of rhizobia in particular. The few quantitative data on the conjugal transfer of rhizobial plasmids in soil correspond to the pSym (symbiotic genes-carrying replicons), with no information available regarding transfer frequencies in soil of other (namely accessory/cryptic) plasmids that are present in several rhizobial species. Thus, we examined here the conjugal transfer in non-sterile soil of the model Sinorhizobium meliloti cryptic plasmid pSmeLPU88b. Under field conditions the proportion of nodules containing indigenous rhizobia that acquired the plasmid pSmeLPU88b and then nodulated the trapping plants could be estimated as <0.1% (transconjugants/nodule) over an 18-month sampling period that followed inoculation. The collected evidence showed that the release of rhizobia by means of standard seed-inoculation procedures did not result in a massive transfer of the introduced cryptic plasmid pSmeLPU88b to the indigenous bacteria that nodulate trapping alfalfa plants. Using a laboratory microcosm system performed with the same soil from the experimental field, we demonstrated that transconjugants were generated in the rhizosphere at a frequency of ca. 1.43 × 10−6 transconjugants/recipient, a frequency from 102 to 103 times lower than that corresponding to the transfer of the same plasmid in rich-medium agar plates. The estimation of mobilization frequencies of rhizobial plasmids in soil is a necessary step toward the development of quantitative predictive models of gene-dispersal frequencies from inoculated strains to other rhizobia and soil bacteria. ► The conjugal transfer in the field of a S. meliloti cryptic plasmid was analyzed. ► After seed inoculation no transconjugants were detected in field nodules (<0.1%). ► After soil inoculation plasmid transfer was evaluated in microcosms systems. ► Plasmid transfer in the rhizosphere occurred at ca. 10−6 events/recipient. ► Such frequency was 102–103 times lower than the transfer frequency in rich media.