Size effects on material yield strength/deformation/fracturing properties

The effects of specimen size, Hall–Petch (H-P) grain or subgrain size, particle size plus spacing, and crack size on the yield strength, plastic deformation, and fracturing properties of crystalline materials are described on a dislocation mechanics basis. The size effects are assessed at relevant m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of materials research Vol. 34; no. 13; pp. 2161 - 2176
Main Author Armstrong, Ronald W.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York, USA Cambridge University Press 15.07.2019
Springer International Publishing
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Aluminum
Aluminum oxide
Applied and Technical Physics
BCC metals
Behavior
Biomaterials
Body centered cubic lattice
Composite materials
Deformation
Deformation effects
Deformation mechanisms
Dependence
Dislocations
Ductility
Face centered cubic lattice
Fracture mechanics
Grain boundaries
Grain size
Inorganic Chemistry
Invited Review
Materials Engineering
Materials research
Materials Science
Microhardness
Nanoindentation
Nanotechnology
Particle size
Plastic deformation
Shear stress
Single crystals
Size effects
Steel
Strain hardening
Strain rate sensitivity
Temperature
Yield strength
Yield stress
strength
dislocations
grain size
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Summary:The effects of specimen size, Hall–Petch (H-P) grain or subgrain size, particle size plus spacing, and crack size on the yield strength, plastic deformation, and fracturing properties of crystalline materials are described on a dislocation mechanics basis. The size effects are assessed at relevant macro- and/or micro-and/or nano-scale dimensions; in the latter case, at the upper-limiting strength levels. The description is applied mostly to face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) metals but also involves grain size/particle size–dependent (composite) steel material behaviors. Competition is described for the role of dislocation pile-ups versus hole-joining mechanisms for ductile failure. Grain size–dependent microhardness and strain rate sensitivity measurements are presented for nano-grain size strengthening and grain size weakening, respectively. An intrinsic size effect is demonstrated for silicon crystal nano-indentation hardness testing, which, on microscale loading, leads to evaluation of crack size dependence and, for polycrystalline alumina, to associated H-P behavior for the fracture mechanics stress intensity.
ISSN:0884-2914
2044-5326
DOI:10.1557/jmr.2018.406