New chitin, chitosan, and O-carboxymethyl chitosan sources from resting eggs of Daphnia longispina (Crustacea); with physicochemical characterization, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

• Published in: Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 58 - 69
• Main Authors: Kaya, Murat, Cakmak, Yavuz Selim, Baran, Talat, Asan-Ozusaglam, Meltem, Mentes, Ayfer, Tozak, Kabil Ozcan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.02.2014; Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Springer Nature B.V; 한국생물공학회
• Subjects: Antimicrobial agents; antimicrobial properties; antioxidant activity; Antioxidants; Aquatic ecosystems; Biotechnology; butylated hydroxytoluene; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chitin; Chitinase; chitosan; Crustacea; Crustaceans; Daphnia longispina; Eggs; Food; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fourier transforms; free radical scavengers; Fungi; Industrial and Production Engineering; Infrared spectroscopy; inhibitory concentration 50; Population; Research Paper; scanning electron microscopy; Staphylococcus aureus; Studies; Thermal properties; X-ray diffraction; Yersinia enterocolitica; 생물공학; Turkey; O-carboxymethyl; chitosan; physicochemical characterization; biological activity; chitin
• ISSN: 1226-8372; 1976-3816
• DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0488-9

The paper describes the isolation and characterization of chitin and chitosan from Daphnia longispina resting eggs harvested from a reservoir. Resting eggs are fertilized eggs that are encased in chitinous shells called ‘ephippia’ and which ensure the survival of the Daphnia population in adverse conditions. The chitin-content of D. longispina resting eggs was found to be 23 ∼ 25% and the chitosan (having a 70 ∼ 75% deacetylation degree) yield of the chitin was 76 ∼ 77%. This high chitin-content indicates that D. longispina resting eggs can be exploited as a chitin source. The structure and thermal properties of chitin, extracted from D. longispina resting eggs, were characterized by employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallinity of the chitin was found to be very low (48%). Physicochemicallycharacterized chitosan and the produced O-carboxymethyl chitosan were tested for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. It has been observed that chitosan displays antimicrobial activity against all pathogenic bacteria, whereas O-carboxymethyl chitosan only exhibits inhibition activity against L. garvieae, L. Monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Y. enterocolitica NCTC 11175 and S. aureus ATCC 25923. In a free radical scavenging activity assay, the IC₅₀ values of chitosan, O-carboxymethyl chitosan and butylated hydroxytoluene were found to be 23.01, 56.43 and 0.05, respectively. The ferric-reducing power of O-carboxymethyl chitosan (EC₅₀ = 8.30) indicated higher activity than chitosan (EC₅₀ = 10.12).