Optimal operation of photovoltaic/battery/diesel/cold-ironing hybrid energy system for maritime application

• Published in: Energy (Oxford) Vol. 162; pp. 697 - 714
• Main Authors: Tang, Ruoli, Wu, Zhou, Li, Xin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2018; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; Batteries; Berthing; Clean energy; Computer simulation; Control methods; cost effectiveness; Diesel; Diesel fuels; Drawing and ironing; Electricity; electricity costs; Electricity pricing; Emissions; Energy; Energy management; Environmental regulations; Hybrid energy system; Hybrid systems; Maritime industry; Maritime photovoltaic system; Model predictive control; Onboard equipment; Optimal control; Photovoltaic cells; Photovoltaics; Power flow; Predictive control; prices; Regulations; Solar cells; Solar energy; system optimization; Model predictive control; Maritime photovoltaic system; Solar energy; Hybrid energy system
• ISSN: 0360-5442; 1873-6785
• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.048

Due to emission regulations, the ship is sometimes restricted or even prohibited to use diesel when berthing in port, and the shore power (called the “cold-ironing”) takes part as power supplier. For a green ship with onboard photovoltaic (PV) systems, energy management for maritime PV/battery/diesel/cold-ironing hybrid energy system (HES) can significantly reduce the electricity cost of a ship. In this paper, the optimal operation of HES on a ship is modelled as an optimization problem subject to a number of constraints, including emission regulations of ports. Optimal control and model predictive control (MPC) methods are developed to dispatch the power flow when the ship is in port. Finally, the proposed approaches are tested by simulation experiments for different cases of cold-ironing service prices and emission regulations. Experimental results show that the optimal operation of maritime HES can bring promising electricity cost savings and robustness. •Schematic of maritime hybrid energy system with cold-ironing connection.•Energy management model of maritime hybrid energy system.•Optimal power flow dispatching methods based on model predictive control.