Research Progress and Key Issues of Hydrodebenzylation of Hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) in the Synthesis of High Energy Density Material Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW)

• Published in: Materials Vol. 15; no. 2; p. 409
• Main Authors: Tang, Xiaofei, Zhu, Rui, Shi, Tianjing, Wang, Yu, Niu, Xiaochen, Zhang, Yao, Zhu, Junchen, Li, Wei, Hu, Wanpeng, Xu, Ruoqian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 06.01.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: 19th century; Ballistics; Burning rate; Chemical synthesis; Detonation; Explosives; Flux density; Formulations; Molecular structure; Review; Rocket propellants; Specific impulse; Velocity; World War II; United States > US; China; hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW); catalyst deactivation; hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW); hydrodebenzylation; catalyst development
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma15020409

High energy density materials (HEDM) are the subject of an extensive research effort in relation to the use of these compounds as components of rocket propellants, powders, and formulations of high-performance explosives. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, i.e., CL-20) has received much attention in these research fields for its specific impulse, burning rate, ballistics, and detonation velocity. In this paper, the development and performances of the explosives from the first to the fourth generation are briefly summarized, and the synthesis status of the fourth-generation explosive, HNIW, is reviewed. The key issues that restrict the development of industrial amplification synthesis of HNIW are analyzed, and the potential directions of development are proposed. It is pointed out that to synthesize new and efficient catalysts is the key to making the cost-effective manufacturing of CL-20 a reality.