Anticancer Activity of Euplotin C, Isolated from the Marine Ciliate Euplotes crassus , Against Human Melanoma Cells

• Published in: Marine drugs Vol. 16; no. 5; p. 166
• Main Authors: Carpi, Sara, Polini, Beatrice, Poli, Giulio, Alcantara Barata, Gabriela, Fogli, Stefano, Romanini, Antonella, Tuccinardi, Tiziano, Guella, Graziano, Frontini, Francesco Paolo, Nieri, Paola, Di Giuseppe, Graziano
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.05.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: AKT protein; Anticancer properties; Antitumor activity; Apoptosis; Cancer; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell lines; Cell migration; Cells; Cytotoxicity; Euplotes crassus; Melanoma; Modelling; Molecular chains; Molecular modelling; Ryanodine receptors; Skin; Skin cancer; Toxicity; cutaneous melanoma; sesquiterpenoid; Euplotes crassus; protist; euplotin C; ryanodine receptor; marine drug
• ISSN: 1660-3397; 1660-3397
• DOI: 10.3390/md16050166

Cutaneous melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, so new cytotoxic weapons against novel targets in melanoma are of great interest. Euplotin C (EC), a cytotoxic secondary metabolite of the marine ciliate , was evaluated in the present study on human cutaneous melanoma cells to explore its anti-melanoma activity and to gain more insight into its mechanism of action. EC exerted a marked cytotoxic effect against three different human melanoma cell lines (A375, 501Mel and MeWo) with a potency about 30-fold higher than that observed in non-cancer cells (HDFa cells). A pro-apoptotic activity and a decrease in melanoma cell migration by EC were also observed. At the molecular level, the inhibition of the Erk and Akt pathways, which control many aspects of melanoma aggressiveness, was shown. EC cytotoxicity was antagonized by dantrolene, a ryanodine receptor (RyR) antagonist, in a concentration-dependent manner. A role of RyR as a direct target of EC was also suggested by molecular modelling studies. In conclusion, our data provide the first evidence of the anti-melanoma activity of EC, suggesting it may be a promising new scaffold for the development of selective activators of RyR to be used for the treatment of melanoma and other cancer types.