Tunic cells in pyrosomes (Thaliacea, Urochordata): cell morphology, distribution, and motility

• Published in: Invertebrate biology Vol. 120; no. 4; pp. 386 - 393
• Main Authors: Hirose, Euichi, Ohshima, Chie, Nishikawa, Jun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.11.2001; American Microscopical Society, Inc
• Subjects: Animal cells; Cell motility; Cells; Epidermal cells; Fluorescence; Mailings; Marine; phagocyte; phylogeny; Pseudopodia; test fiber; Thaliacea; Toluidines; Tunicata; Tunicates
• ISSN: 1077-8306; 1744-7410
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2001.tb00047.x

Cellular components of the tunic were histologically examined in 3 pyrosome species representing all 3 genera of the order: Pyrosoma atlanticum, Pyrosomella verticillata, and Pyrostremma spinosum. Three cell types are distributed in the tunic. Tunic amebocytes, irregularly shaped and motile, often contain granules and/or phagosomes. Spherical tunic cells contain many round vesicles with eosinophilic and acidic materials. Tunic net cells form a cellular network in which their long filopodia connect with one another. The net cells are densely distributed just beneath the tunic surface lining the common cloacal cavity and may produce tension to maintain the colony shape. The presence of net cells suggests a phylogenetic relationship between pyrosomes and some aplousobranch ascidians. Test fibers are multicellular cords that run in the tunic and connect the zooids. In P. atlanticum, they are attached to the epidermal cells of the zooids, and transverse cloacal muscles are attached to the other (proximal) side of the epidermal cells. The test fibers may mediate coordination of the zooids and control muscle contraction.