Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence

• Published in: Neural regeneration research Vol. 19; no. 4; pp. 833 - 845
• Main Authors: Liu, Xiaoyan, Liu, Yi, Liu, Junlin, Zhang, Hantao, Shan, Chaofan, Guo, Yinglu, Gong, Xun, Cui, Mengmeng, Li, Xiubin, Tang, Min
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd 01.04.2024; School of Life Sciences,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province,China%School of Life Sciences,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province,China; Institute of Animal Husbandry,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China%Department of Rheumatology & Immunology,Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu Province,China%Department of Neurology,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,Taian,Shandong Province,China
• Subjects: Gut microbiota; Gut-brain axis; probiotic; neurodegenerative disease; neuroinflammation; metagenomics; diet pattern; multi-omics; mitochondrial dysfunction; biomarker; gut microbiota; gut-brain axis
• ISSN: 1673-5374; 1876-7958
• DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382223

A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota’s diverse microorganisms, and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, we discuss the role of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.